Chapter 8: Genomes, Transcriptomes, and Proteomes

What is a genome?

The haploid genetic content of a typical cell or organism.

What are homologs?

Two genes with sequence similarity, regardless of function.

What is the difference between orthologs and paralogs?

Orthologs are genes in different species with clear similarity in sequence and function, while paralogs are related genes within a species.

Define synteny.

Conserved sequence of genes over a large distance or whole chromosome.

What is the genome composition of adenoviruses?

Double-stranded DNA.

What kind of genome do retroviruses have?

RNA that converts to DNA.

What is metagenomics?

The analysis of all the genomes in a given sample.

What makes up the majority of human DNA?

Transposons.

What is a major genetic event characterized by DNA segment duplication?

Duplication.

What is the main genetic difference between humans and chimpanzees regarding chromosome 2?

Humans have a fused chromosome 2, while chimpanzees have two smaller chains.

What is the Out of Africa hypothesis?

The theory that humans originated in Africa and spread outwards, being the most genetically diverse population.

How are transcriptomes evaluated?

Using microarrays and RNA-seq.

What are proteomes?

Proteins present in a cell under a given set of conditions.

What are the two techniques used to evaluate proteomes?

2D gel analysis.

What is the least common portion of human DNA?

Protein-coding sequences