Biology 30 Endocrine System

Insulin

Produced from: Pancreatic beta cells.

Target site: liver, fat tissue, body muscles

function: used to lower blood sugar levels when they reach above baseline

Glucagon

Produced By: Pancreatic alpha cells

Target site: liver, fat tissue

function: it helps bring up the blood sugar level when it reaches below baseline

Calcitonin

Produced by: Thyroid gland

Target site: bones, kidneys, intestines

function: lower the blood calcium levels when theh reach above baseline

PTH

Produced by: parathyroid

Target site: bones, kidneys, intestines

Function: helps bring up the blood calcium levels when they reach below baseline

TRH

produced by: hypothalamus

function: it stimulates the anterior pituitary to release TSH which stimulates the thyroid to release T3 and T4

TSH

Produced by: anterior patuitary

Target site: thyroid

Function: increase metabolic rate

Thyroxine (t4)

produced by: Thyroid

target site: most cells

function: increase the metabolic rate

hgh

produced by: anterior patuitary

target site: liver, growth factors

function: if you are in adulthood and you have high levels of hgh you will have bigger facial features but if you arent in adult hood you will have a height advantage.

ADH

produced by: posterior patuitary

target site: kidneys and blood vessels

function: Increases water absorption in your kidneys and stores more water in your body so you urinate less

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

produced by: Adrenal medulla

target site: most cells

Function: prepare the body for the fight-or-flight response. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, alertness, and blood glucose to provide the body with quick energy to respond to danger.

ACTH

Produced by: anterior patuitary

Target site: most cells

Function: It signals the adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Cortisol

Produced by: adrenal gland

Target site: most cells

function: Helps the body respond to long-term stress and provides energy.

Aldosterone

Produced by: adrenal gland

target site: most cells

function: Regulates salt and water balance in the body.

3 types of hormones

Non - Target

Target

Tropic

Function of the 3 hormones

Non - target: many cells in the body

Target: affects specific cells in the body

tropic: target hormones that stimulate another endocrine gland

Stress glands and functions

adrenal glands: sit on top of each kidney. Divide into two parts the medulla and cortext.

Adrenal medulla: regulates short term stress. it responds through sympathetic nerves which means the stress eesponse is much faster

2 types of glands

anterior: releases hormones to control growth and regulate other endocrine glands.

posterior: stores and releases ADH and exytocin made by the hypothalamus