Medical Terminology- Chapter 6

Mouth (oral or buccal cavity)

teeth, tongue, hard and soft palates

Lips

cheil/o, labi/o

Teeth

dent/o, odont/o. chewing, breaking down food, mixes with salvia forming in bolus

Hard palate

anterior

Soft palate

posterior

Pharynx (throat)

pharyn/o. performs swallowing

Epiglottis

prevents food from entering trachea

Esophagus

esophagi/o. muscular tube allowing passage of food from phalanx to stomach

Stomach (gastr/o)

mechanical and chemical digestion of food, Function: food mixes with gastric juices and leaves pasty material (chyme) Outer parts: little absorption of food, water, alcohol, and medication are absorbed.

Lower esophageal sphrincter

closes to prevent regurgitation- back flow

Body of stomach

large central portion

Fundus

upper storage portion of stomach

Pylorus

terminal portion is where most digestion takes place

Pyloric sphrincter

regulates flow of chyme

Rugae

mucus membrane folds to expand stomach

Small intestine

canal extending from pyloric sphincter to large intestine

Duedenum (duoden/o)

receives pancreatic and hepatic secretions through common bile duct.

Jejunum (jejun/o)

2nd portion of small intestine

Ileum (ile/o)

lower part of small intestines, digestion and absorption through villi

Large intestine (colon) (col/o, colon/o)

absorbs water, minerals, and vitamins from intestinal contents. eliminates undigested material

Pancreas (pancreat/o)

behind stomach, produces pancreatic juices to help with food digestion

Liver (hepat/o)

RUQ- body's chemical factory. Function: produces bile necessary for digesting facts

Gallbladder (cholecyst/o)

stores bile received from liver, store like mass in gallbladder (calculus)- presence

Ulcer

open sores of skin mucus membranes in body of gallbladder.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

H-lori- leading cause of disease

Ulcerative colitis

inflammation of large intestine and rectum

Inguinal hernia (groin area)

protrusion of an organ or tissue through wall of cavity

Strangulated hernia

tangled/wrapped- super tight, caused from infections

Umbilical hernia

naval area, common in children, obese women, and women who have had multiple pregnancies

Diaphragmatic hernia

goes through diaphragm, through the thoracic cavity

Hiatal hernia

through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm

Intestinal obstructions

mechanical/nonmechanical

Volvulus

twisting- digestive system tangled up

Intussusception

telescoping part of the intestine goes into anterior part

Hemorrhoids

enlarged vein in mucus membrane inside or just outside of rectum

Jaundice

sign of liver disorder- yellowing

Hepatitis A

infectious- inflamed food/water

Hepatitis B/C

contact with blood or sexually

Diverticulosis

blisters going through walls of intestines

Oncology

study of tumors

Anorexia

loss of appetite

Appendicitis

inflammation of appendix

Ascites

the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling

Bulimia

binge following by purging

Cholelithiasis

formation of gallstones

Cirrhosis

scaring of liver, caused by liver disease

Crohn's disease

chronic inflammation of intestinal track

Dysentary

inflammation of intestines, especially in colon, results in diarrhea.

Halitosis

bad breath

Hematemesis

blood in vomit, vomiting of blood

Melena

black feces

Borborygmus

rumbling of gas passing through liquids

Peristalsis

muscular, wave like movement pushing through a past

Obesity

Greater than over 20% of body weight

Regurgitation

backward flowing

Steatorrhea

passage of large amounts of fat in feces

Flatus

gas in gastronome track

Gastroenterology

branch of gas to diseases

Endoscopy

visualization the interior of organs and cavities of the body with an endoscope.

Barium enema

(lower part of GI) Rectum and colon

Barium swallow

(upper GI) fluoroscopy, oral medication, xrays are taken esophagus, stomach and small intestines

Bariatric surgery

morbid obesity

Vertical banded gastroplasty

staple off most of stomach, goes through slower and makes the people feel full.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

stapled off, small intestine bypass

Colostomy

destruction in stomach- cut colon in that area and attach it to an artificial opening

Lithotripsy

procedure for crushing a gallstone

Polypectomy

colonoscopies- pollops abnormal growths and they remove them

Anastomosis

surgically combining ducts

Antacids

counteracts lucidity

Antidiarrheal

controls diarrhea

Antiemetic

nausea and vomiting

Laxatives

treat constipation

stat:

immediately

BM:

bowel movement

BMI:

body mass index

PUD:

peptic ulcer disease

GI:

gastrointestinal

GERD:

gastroesophageal reflux

r/o:

rule out

EGD:

esophagogastroduodenoscopy lithotripsy