Peters Renaissance Art and Catholic Reformation Test Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards reviewing key concepts, figures, literary works, art techniques, and famous artworks from the Renaissance Art and Catholic Reformation study set.

Renaissance

A term defining 'rebirth', referring to the revival of art, learning, and humanism following the Middle Ages.

Humanism

The study of the classics to become a more well-rounded and virtuous person.

Fresco

A painting technique using water-based paint on plaster, resulting in a thin, less durable artwork.

Indulgences

Certificates sold by the Catholic Church promising forgiveness of sins, promoted by John Tetzel to fund Saint Peters Basilica, which angered Martin Luther.

Patrons

Funders and supporters of the arts.

Medici Family

The most well-known patron family of the Renaissance, based in Florence.

The Prince

A book written by Machiavel li detailing brutal and pessimistic political principles, asserting that 'the ends justify the means'.

Sfumato

An artistic technique where the background fades out and changes color to become more gray/blue when farther away.

Chiaroscuro

An artistic technique using shading to give depth to a painting.

Linear Perspective

A painting technique where lines converge at one single point to create depth.

Foreshortening

An artistic technique where an object facing away appears shorter and thicker.

Symmetry

The technique of maintaining equality and balance on both sides of an artwork.

Van Eyck Family

The family known for the creation and development of oil paints.

Printing Press

Invented in 1456 by Gutenberg, a revolutionary machine that spread books farther and made them accessible beyond just the rich.

Secular

A term defined as not religious.

The Inquisition

A movement initiated by the Catholic Church to combat the effects of the protestant movement, spread Catholicism, and remove Lutheranism.

John Tetzel

The main promoter and salesman of indulgences.

Lutheranism

A movement founded on the fundamental principles that faith is the only way to salvation, there is no hierarchy in the church, and the Bible is the only word of God.

Council of Trent

A council called by Pope Paul the 3rd that reaffirmed that the Bible is the main source of truth (along with others), salvation comes through faith AND good works, and created penalties for corrupt clergy.

Renaissance Man

A well-rounded, virtuous, and ultimate humanist knowledgeable in many subjects, exemplified by Leonardo Da Vinci.

Don Quixote

A book written by Cervantes about a crazy knight that mocked the Middle Ages.

Utopia

A book written by Sir Thomas More showcasing his version of a perfect society with economic and social reform.

Praise of Folly

A work written by Erasmus using humor to criticize religion with less backlash.

Vernacular

The term for writing in the common language of the people.

Schiacciato

A technique invented by Donatel lo for creating 3D painting-like sculptures on flat surfaces.

Tenebrism

A technique invented by Caravaggio that is an intensified and more dramatic version of chiaroscuro.

Scientific Method

A six-step empirical process: 1. Ask a question, 2. Research, 3. Hypothesis, 4. Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment, 5. Analyze your data and draw a conclusion, 6. Communicate your results.

Jesuit Order

A religious order founded in 1540 led by Ignacius Loyola to spread Catholicism.

Peace of Augsburg

An agreement made by the church in 1555 to solve the popularity of Protestantism.

Machiavellian

A term meaning the use of deceit in politics.

Francesco Petrarch

An early renaissance humanist who assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts.

The Book of the Courtier

A book written by Baldassare Castiglione describing the ideal skill set and virtues for a member of the court.

Pope Leo X

The Pope who excommunicated Martin Luther.

Mona Lisa

A famous Renaissance portrait painting created by Leonardo Da Vinci.

The Last Supper

A famous religious mural painting created by Leonardo Da Vinci.

David (Michelangelo)

A famous marble sculpture created by Michelangelo.

Expulsion from the Garden of Eden

A famous fresco painting created by Massacio.

The Creation of Adam

A famous Sistine Chapel ceiling fresco painting created by Michelangelo.

School of Athens

A famous fresco painting depicting classical philosophers, created by Rafael.

The Transfiguration

A famous religious painting created by Rafael.

Primavera

A famous allegorical Renaissance painting created by Botticelli.

Mars and Venus

A mythological painting created by Botticelli.

Bacchus and Ariadne

A classical mythological oil painting created by Titian.

Venus of Urbino

A famous oil painting created by Titian.

Birth of Venus

A celebrated mythological painting created by Botticelli.

Assumption of the Virgin

A large religious altarpiece painting created by Titian.

Ghent Altarpiece

A monumental polyptych panel painting created by Hubert Van Eyck.

Annunciation

A famous religious fresco created by Angelico.

Coronation of the Virgin

A religious panel painting created by Angelico.

Judith Beheading Holofernes

A dramatic tenebrist painting created by Caravaggio.

David with the Head of Goliath

A dramatic painting created by Caravaggio.

Self Portrait at the Age of Twenty Eight

A famous self-portrait created by Durer.

Penitent Magdalene

A realistic wooden sculpture created by Donatello.

Saint George and the Dragon

A low-relief sculpture created by Donatel lo using schiacciato.

David (Donatello)

A bronze statue sculpted by Donatello.

The Hunters in the Snow

A Northern Renaissance landscape painting created by Bruegel.

The Peasant Wedding

A genre painting illustrating peasant life created by Bruegel.

Last Supper (Tintoretto)

A dramatic Mannerist painting of the biblical Last Supper created by Tintoretto.

Cathedral of Santa Maria

A landmark cathedral structure in Florence with a dome engineered by Brunelleschi.

Holy Trinity

A Renaissance fresco painting pioneering linear perspective created by Masaccio.

Lamentation of Christ

A painting noted for its dramatic use of foreshortening created by Mantenga.