Shoulder, Arm, & Hand - Unit 1

The shoulder is made up of what 3 bones?

clavicle, scapula, humerus

What two places does the clavicle articulate at?

1. Laterally with the acromion of the scapula (that acromioclavicular joint)

2. Medially with the sternum (sternoclavicular joint)

Both are synovial joints

What is the single attachment site between the upper appendicular and axial skeleton?

Sternoclavicular joint

How many muscles attach to the scapula?

17 muscles

What is the false joint called where the scapula meets the posterior surface of the thorax?

Scapulothoracic joint

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

Glenoid fossa

What is the joint called where the humerus meets the glenoid fossa of the scapula?

Glenohumeral joint

Contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement

A. Prime mover/agonist

B. Antagonist

C. Synergist

D. Fixator

A. Prime mover/agonist

Action opposes the movement produced by another muscle (can also be a prime mover)

A. Prime mover/agonist

B. Antagonist

C. Synergist

D. Fixator

B. Antagonist

Muscle that helps the prime mover work efficiently (does the same jobs)

A. Prime mover/agonist

B. Antagonist

C. Synergist

D. Fixator

C. Synergist

A type of synergist that stabilized the prime mover by preventing movement at another joint.

A. Prime mover/agonist

B. Antagonist

C. Synergist

D. Fixator

D. Fixator

What is the deltoid's origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Action: ALL fibers ABDUCT shoulder at GH joint

Anterior fibers flex shoulder, medially rotate, and horizontally adduct

Posterior fibers extend shoulder, laterally rotate, and horizontally abduct

Nerve innervation is the axillary nerve

What nerve innervates the deltoid?

Axillary

What actions do the anterior fibers of the deltoid do?

medial rotation, horizontally adduct arm, flex shoulder

What actions do the posterior fibers of the deltoid do?

lateral rotation, horizontally abduct arm, extend shoulder

Where does the deltoid insert?

Deltoid tuberosity

Where does the deltoid originate?

lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

What is the trapezius muscle's origin, insertion, action, and nerve innervation?

Origin: external occipital protuberance, medial part of superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Action: Upper fibers bilaterally extend head and neck, laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite sides, elevate scapula, and upwardly rotate scapula. Middle fibers adduct the scapula and stabilize the scapula

Lower fibers depress the scapula and upwardly rotate the scapula.

Nerve intervation is accessory nerve

Where does the trapezius originate?

external occipital protuberance (EOP), superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12

Where does the trapezius insert?

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

What is the action of the upper fibers of the trapezius?

bilaterally extend head and neck, laterally rotate head and neck, rotate head and neck to opposite side, elevate scapula, upwardly rotate scapula

What is the action of the middle fibers of the trapezius?

adduct the scapula and stabilize the scapula.

What is the action of the lower fibers of the trapezius?

depress scapula and upwardly rotate it

What is the nerve innervation for trapezius muscle?

Accessory nerve

What is latissimus dorsi origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: inferior angle of scapula, spinous process of last 6 T-vertebrate, last 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, and posterior iliac crest

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: extend shoulder, adduct shoulder, medially rotate shoulder

Nerve innervation is the thoracodorsal nerve

What is latissimus dorsi origin?

inferior angle of scapula, spinous process of last 6 T-vertebrae, throacolumbar fascia, posterior iliac crest

What is latissimus dorsi insertion?

intertubercular groove of humerus

What is latissimus dorsi actions?

Extend shoulder, adduct shoulder, medially rotate shoulder

What nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?

thoracodorsal nerve

What is Teres Major origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: Inferior angle and lower 1/3rd lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Extender the shoulder at the GH joint, adduct the shoulder at the GH joint, and medially rotate shoulder

Nerve innervations is the lower Subscapular nerve

What muscle would be a synergist with Teres major?

latissimus dorsi!!!

Where does the teres major originate?

Inferior angle of scapula and lower 1/3rd lateral border of scapula

Where does the teres major insert?

crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

What is the action of Teres major?

extends shoulder, adducts shoulder, and medially rotates shoulder

What nerve innervates Teres major?

lower subscapular nerve

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

What is the main job of the rotator cuff muscles?

Stabilize the glenohumeral joint

What is Supraspinatus origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: abduct shoulder and stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Nerve innervation is the suprascapular nerve

What is Supraspinatus origin?

supraspinous fossa of scapula

What is supraspinatus insertion?

greater tubercle of humerus

What is supraspinatus actions?

abduct shoulder and stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

What nerve innervates supraspinatus?

suprascapular nerve

which muscle is the only muscle of the rotator cuff group that is not involved in rotation due to it assisting the deltoid in abduction of the shoulder?

Supraspinatus

What is the Infraspinatus' origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: Infraspinous process of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: Laterally rotate shoulder, adduct shoulder, stabilized HOH

Nerve innervation is the suprascapular nerve

What is the infraspinatus origin?

infraspinous fossa of scapula

What is the infraspinatous insertion?

greater tubercle of humerus

What is the infraspinatous actions?

Laterally rotate shoulder and adduct shoulder, stabilize HOH

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus?

suprascapular nerve

What is Teres minor origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: upper 2/3rds of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Actions: laterally rotate shoulder, adduct shoulder, and stabilize HOH

Nerve innervation is axillary nerve

What is teres minor origin?

upper 2/3rds of lateral border of scapula

What is teres minor insertion?

greater tubercle of humerus

What is teres minor actions?

laterally rotate shoulder, adduct shoulder, stabilize HOH

What nerve innervates teres minor?

axillary nerve

What is Subscapularis origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Actions: medially rotate shoulder and stabilize HOH

Nerve innervation is upper and lower Subscapular nerve

What is the only rotator cuff muscle that attaches to the lesser tubercle of humerus?

Subscapularis

What is Subscapularis origin?

subscapular fossa of scapula

What is subscapularis insertion?

lesser tubercle of humerus

What is subscapularis actions?

medially rotate shoulder and stabilized HOH

What nerve innervates Subscapularis?

upper and lower subscapular nerves

What rotator cuff muscle abducts?

supraspinatus

What rotator cuff muscles adduct?

infraspinatus and teres minor

What rotator cuff muscles laterally rotate?

infraspinatus and teres minor

What rotator cuff muscle medially rotates?

subscapularis

What is rhomboid minor origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: spinous processes of C7-T1

Insertion: Across from spine of scapula

Actions: Adduct scapula, elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula

Nerve innervation -dorsal scapular nerve

What is rhomboid major origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: spinous processes of T2-T5

Insertion: medial border of scapula between spine of scapula and inferior angle

Actions: Adduct scapula, elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula

Nerve innervation is the dorsal scapular nerve

What is rhomboid minor origin?

spinous processes of C7-T1

What is rhomboid minor insertion?

Across from spine of scapula

What is rhomboid minor actions?

Adduct scapula, elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula

What nerve innervates rhomboid minor?

dorsal scapular nerve

What is the origin of rhomboid major?

spinous processes of T2-T5

What is the insertion of rhomboid major

medial border of scapula from scapular spine to inferior angle

What are the actions of rhomboid major?

Adduct the scapula,

Elevate the scapula,

Downwardly rotate the scapula

What nerve innervates rhomboid major?

dorsal scapular nerve

What is levator scapulae origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: Transverse process of 1-4 C-vertebrae

Insertion: medial border of scapula between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula

Actions: Unilaterally, elevates scapula, downwardly rotate scapula, laterally flex head and neck and rotate head and neck to same side. Bilaterally, it extends the head and neck

Nerve innervation is the cervical and dorsal scapular nerve

What is levator scapula origin

transverse processes of C1-C4

What is levator scapula insertion?

medial border of scapula between superior angle and superior portion of cervical spine

What is levator scapula actions?

Unilaterally, it elevates scapula, downwardly rotates scapula, rotates head and neck to same side, laterally flexes head and neck.

Bilaterally, it extends the head and neck back

What nerve innervates levator scapula?

dorsal scapular nerve

What is serratus anterior origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: external surfaces of upper 1-9 ribs

Insertion: anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Actions: abduct scapula, upwardly rotate scapula, depress scapula, hold media; border of scapula against rib cage

Nerve innervation is long thoracic nerve

What is serratus anterior origin?

ribs 1-9

What is serratus anterior insertion?

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

What is serratus anterior actions?

abduct scapula, upwardly rotate scapula, depress scapula, hold medial border of scapula against rib cage

What nerve innervates serratus anterior?

long thoracic nerve

What is Pectoralis major origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of 1-6th ribs

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Actions: All fibers adduct the shoulder, medially rotate the shoulder, and assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation (with arm fixed). The upper fibers flex the shoulder and horizontally adduct shoulder.

The lower fibers extend the shoulder

Nerve innervation is lateral and medial pectoral nerve.

What is Pectoralis major origin?

medial half of clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of 1-6th ribs

What is Pectoralis major insertion?

Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

What is Pectoralis major actions?

All fibers adduct and medially rotate the shoulder. They can also assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation (big breath)

The upper fibers horizontally adduct and flex shoulder. The lower fibers extend the shoulder from a flexed position mainly.

What nerve innervates Pectoralis major?

Lateral and medial pectoral nerve.

What is Pectoralis minor origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: 3,4,5th ribs

Insertion: medial surface of coracoid process

Actions: Depress scapula, abduct scapula, downwardly rotate scapula

WITH SCAPULA FIXED: can assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation

Nerve innervation is medial pectoral nerve

What is Pectoralis minor origin?

ribs 3-5

What is Pectoralis minor insertion?

medial surface of coracoid process

What is pectoralis minor actions?

depress scapula, downwardly rotate scapula, abduct scapula

What nerve innervates Pectoralis minor?

medial pectoral nerve

What is subclavius origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin: first rib and cartilage

Insertion: inferior surface of middle 1/3rd of clavicle

Actions: depress clavicle and draw it anteriorly, elevate first rib for inhalation, and stabilize sternoclavicular joint (SC)

Nerve innervation is subclavian nerve

What is subclavius origin?

First rib and cartilage

What is subclavius insertion?

inferior side of middle 1/3rd of clavicle

What is subclavius actions?

Depress clavicle and draw it forward, elevate first rib to help inhalation, and stabilize SC joint.

What nerve innervates subclavius?

subclavian nerve

What is biceps brachii origin, insertion, actions, and nerve innervation?

Origin of short head: coracoid process of scapula

Origin of long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of the biceps brachii

Actions: flex elbow, flex shoulder, supinate forearm

Nerve innervation is musculocutaneous nerve

What is the long head of biceps brachii origin?

supraglenoid tubercle