MS 2 exam 2

what is the normal range for blood osmolality?

275-295

what does the brain release when osmolality is too high/blood volume is too low?

ADH & aldosterone

what percentage of body weight does intracellular fluid make up?

40%

what percentage of body weight does extracellular fluid make up?

20%

what components make up intracellular fluid?

potassium, magnesium, phosphate

what components make up extracellular fluid?

salt, chloride, bicarbonate

what acts on angiotensinogen to convert angiotensinogen to Angiosten I?

renin

what produces Angiotensin II?

ACE

what does angiotensin II do?

causes vasoconstriction

what does aldosterone do?

retains Na and water to raise bp

what type of solution has the same saltiness as blood?

isotonic

what solution is less salty than blood?

hypotonic

what solution is saltier than blood?

hypertonic

what’s the term for cells being dehydrated?

hypernatremia

what’s the term for when there’s too much fluid in cells?

hyponatremia

what are examples of isotonic solutions?

0.9% NS, lactated ringers, DSW

what’s an example of a hypotonic solution?

0.45% NaCl

what does potassium do?

maintains resting membrane potential in cardiac cells, regulates nerve impulse transmission, and controls skeletal & smooth muscle contraction

what are some causes of hypokalemia?

diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, metabolic alkalosis

for every 0.3 mEq/L drop in the blood, how much mEq has the body lost from its total stores?

100

what speed of IV potassium should you never exceed?

10-20 mEq/hr

what is the preffered route of potassium?

oral

for a patient with hyperkalemia, what should you give them to protect their heart?

calcium gluconate