Med Term Ch 12

Anorexia

loss of appetite

Aphagia

inability to swallow

Ascites

Accumulation of fluid in the peroneal cavity

Buccal

In the cheek

Diarrhea

frequent loose or liquid stools

Constipation

Infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass

Dyspepsia

Indegestion

Dysphagia

difficulty in swallowing

Eructation

belch

Flatulence

gas in stomach or intestines

Halitosis

bad breath

Hematemesis

Vomiting blood

Hematochezia

red blood in stool

Hepatomegalgy

enlargement of liver

Hyperbilimibinemia

Excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood

Icterus, Jaundice

Yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood

Melena

Dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

Nausea

Feeling sick in the stomach

Steatorrhea

Feces containing fat

Sublingual, Hypoglassal

Under the tongue

Anklyoglossia

Tongue-tie; a defect of tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum

Cheilitis

Inflammation of the lip

Esophageal varices

Swollen, twisted veins in esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

Esophagitis

Inflammation of esophagus

Gastritis

Inflammation of stomach

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

Backflow of contents of stomach into esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in esophagus

Gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

Parotiditis/ parotitis

inflammation of the parotid gland; mumps

Peptic Ulcer disease (PUD)

sore on mucous membrane of stomach, duodenum, or any other part of gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with helicobacter pylori bacteria

Gastric ulcer

Ulcer in stomach

Duodenal ulcer

ulcer in duodenum

Pyloric stenosis

narrowed condition of pylorus

Sialoadenitis

inflammation of salivary gland

stomatitis

inflammation of mouth

anal fistula

abnormal, tube-like passageway from anus that may connect with rectum

appendicitis

inflammation of appendix

Colitis

Inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

Ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammation of colon with ulcerations

colorectal polyps

benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignancy

pediculated polyp

projected on a stalk

sessile polyp

lying flat on a surface

diverticulum

abnormal side pocket in gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

diverticulosis

presence of diverticula in GI tract, especially to colon

diverticulitis

inflammation of diverticula

dysentery

inflammation of intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa

enteritis

inflammation of small intestine

hemorrhoid

swollen, twisted vein in anal region

hernia

protrusion of a part from its normal location

hiatal hernia

protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through an opening in the diaphragm

Inguinal hernia

protrusion of loop of intestine through layers of abdominal wall in inguinal region

Incarcerated hernia

swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

Strangulated hernia

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

Umbilical hernia

protrusion of intestine through weakness in abdominal wall around umbilicus

Ileitis

Inflammation of the lower part of the small intestine

Intussusception

Prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part

Peritonitis

Inflammation of perintoneum

Proctitis

Inflammation of rectum and anus

Volvulus

Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Cholangitis

Inflammation of bile ducts

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of gallbladder

Choledocholithiasis

Presence of stones in common bile duct

Cholelithiasis

Presence of stones in gallbladder/ bile ducts

Cirrhosis

Chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism/ nutritional deficiency

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

Hepatitis A

Inflammation of liver caused by HAV usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food/ water

Hepatitis B

Inflammation of liver caused by HBV which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood/ bodily fluids

Hepatitis C

Inflammation of liver caused by HCV which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood; rarely contacted sexually

Pancreatitis

inflammation of pancrea