4-5

What regulates hormone release mainly through inhibition of further release?

Negative feedback

What type of endocrine stimulus involves changing blood levels of ions or nutrients?

Humoral stimuli

What term describes the hormone released in response to nerve fiber stimulation, such as norepinephrine and epinephrine?

Neural stimuli

What stimulates one hormone to promote the release of another hormone?

Hormonal stimuli

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in relation to the endocrine system?

Controls the pituitary gland and links the nervous and endocrine systems.

What is referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Pituitary gland

What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?

Neurohypophysis

What is the function of oxytocin?

Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection; involves a positive feedback loop.

What condition arises from a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Diabetes insipidus

What is the effect of hypersecretion of ADH (vasopressin)?

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH) leading to fluid retention and low sodium levels.

What does the anterior pituitary release in response to hypothalamic hormones?

Controlled by releasing/inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus.

What hormone stimulates growth in bones and muscles and increases protein synthesis?

Growth Hormone (GH)

What condition can result from excess Growth Hormone in children?

Gigantism

What condition is caused by excess Growth Hormone in adults?

Acromegaly

What is one effect of growth hormone deficiency?

Pituitary dwarfism

What hormone stimulates the release of thyroid hormones?

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol?

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

What hormone triggers gamete production in the male and female reproductive systems?

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

What hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation and testosterone production?

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

What hormone is involved in milk production and can cause infertility if in excess?

Prolactin (PRL)