The Peloponnesian War and Rise of Macedon

Long term Causes - Athenian Imperialism

• Delian League

• Athenian fortifications
  - Long walls

• Peloponnesian League

Long term causes - Social and Political Differences

• Government

• Economy

• Worldview

• Culture

Short term Causes - Athens vs. Corinth/Megara

• Both Corinth and Megara were in the Peloponnesian league

• Athens helped Corcyra against Corinth by capturing it’s ships

• Athens enacted the Megarian Decree, banning Megarian merchants from trading in Athens

• Sparta declared that Athens violated peace and started the war

Phase 1 - Whale vs. Elephant

• sparta = powerful army (elephant)

• athens = powerful navy (whale)

• stalemate

Phase 1 - pericles

• pericles was an Athenian statesman and general who led athens

• He urged caution

• Killed by Typhus is 430

• Spartans offer truce twice

Phase 1 - Cleon

• he was an Athenian general

• weapons manufacturer

• refuses truce

• Killed in battle in 422

• Leads to Peace of Nicias in 421

Phase 1 - Melian Dialogue

• a passage written by the Thucydides that dramatizes the negotiations between Athens and Melos

• Melos leaves the Delian League in 416 (because they wanted to be neutral)

• Athens lays siege to Melos, and eventually conquers it

• 415, Athenians form a War party (wanting to attack sparta)

Phase 2 - Sicilian Expedition against Syracuse

• Nicias (right) = war bad idea

• Alcibiades (left) = war good idea

Phase 2 - Disaster

• 2 years of warfare

• few allies

• expensive

• commanders argue

• Alcibiades betray athens because of religion

• Athens surrenders unconditionally

Phase 2 - results

• Delian League gone

• Long walls gone

• Athenian navy gone

• money gone

• democracy gone

Phase 2 - significance

• athens loses everything

• Greek world experiences fundamental change

• Sparta rules the Greek world for a while

• then Thebes after the Corinthian War

• Greece gets invaded by outsiders

Rise of Macedon - Macedon

• country bumpkins

• no strong government

• no Polis

• Ruled by a king

• competing clans and families

Rise of Macedon - Philip II

• Becomes king in 359

• 7 year civil war

• rivals gone by 352

• introduced important military reforms

Philips innovations

• consolidated wealth

• created a permanent and professional army

• introduced specialist orders

Philip conquers Helas

• Battle of Chaerona

  • marks the end of the Polis

• Figuring out how to pacify the greeks

• figuring out how to pay troops

Philip goes to war with Persia

• advanced guard sent to persia

• philip plans to join after his daughter’s wedding

• he is assassinated (probably one of his wives)