chemistry ionic/covalent

valence electrons def

electrons in the outer most shell

oxidation numbers def

how many electrons get ADDED or GIVEN away to make a FULL outer shell

how to find oxidation numbers

look at valence electrons (is it easier to lose or gain electrons to get to 8 or 0)

octet rule

the tendency of elements to GAIN or LOSE 8 electrons to make a FULL outer shell

how many elements are in (NH4)2 SO3

14

duet rule (2)

• Exception to the octet rule

• 1rst period (hydrogen + helium) only need 2 electrons to fill the outer shell

what is NM + NM

Covalent

What is everything but NM + NM

Ionic

binary rules (2)

• ends in IDE

• 2 elements

Polyatomic (2)

• more than 2 elements

• ends in ATE and ITE

what are the 2 exceptions to ionic polyatomic naming rules

• if ammonium is FIRST and a SINGLE element is 2nd it will end in IDE

• hydroxide

Steps (3)

• find oxidation numbers

• criss cross oxidations numbers

• reduce if possible

what do you have to remember about transition metals

to use roman numerals

when do you use for more than one polyatomics

parenthesis

what always goes first

positive charges

what do covalent bonds end in

always in ide

what do you have to remember about covalent bonds

the prefixes