Flashcards ATI TEAS 7 Science: Human Anatomy, Biology, Chemistry & Scientific Reasoning

What does the respiratory system do?

Allows oxygen to enter the body and removes carbon dioxide.

What are the key organs of the respiratory system?

Lungs, trachea, bronchi.

What is the main purpose of the cardiovascular system?

Moves blood throughout the body.

What are the key organs of the cardiovascular system?

Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).

What does the digestive system do?

Breaks down food so nutrients can be absorbed.

What are the key organs of the digestive system?

Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver.

What is the function of the nervous system?

Controls and coordinates body activities.

What are the key organs of the nervous system?

Brain, spinal cord, nerves.

What does the muscular system allow?

Allows the body to move and maintain posture.

What are the key organs of the muscular system?

Skeletal muscles.

What is the main purpose of the skeletal system?

Supports the body and protects vital organs.

What are the key organs of the skeletal system?

Bones, joints.

What does the immune system do?

Protects the body from infection.

What are the key organs of the immune system?

White blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen.

What is the function of the integumentary system?

Protects the body from injury and infection.

What is the key organ of the integumentary system?

Skin.

What does the endocrine system do?

Releases hormones that control growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

What are the key organs of the endocrine system?

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas.

What is the main purpose of the urinary system?

Removes waste from the blood and controls fluid balance.

What are the key organs of the urinary system?

Kidneys, bladder.

What does the male reproductive system produce?

Sperm and male sex hormones.

What are the key organs of the male reproductive system?

Testes, penis.

What does the female reproductive system produce?

Eggs and female sex hormones.

What are the key organs of the female reproductive system?

Ovaries, uterus.

What does 'cause and effect' mean in the context of organ system failure?

If one system fails, it leads to a direct consequence or effect.

What type of answers does ATI prefer for cause-and-effect questions?

Direct, observable, and easy to reason without medical training.

What should you avoid when preparing for the A&P section?

Memorizing every detail, disease names, complex symptoms, and medical terminology beyond basics.

What is the main purpose of the respiratory system?

To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.

What happens if the respiratory system fails?

Less oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide builds up.

What are the symptoms of respiratory system failure?

Shortness of breath, low oxygen delivery to tissues, and faster breathing rate.

What is the main job of the cardiovascular system?

To move blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body.

What happens if the cardiovascular system fails?

Blood does not circulate effectively, and oxygen and nutrients are not delivered.

What are the symptoms of cardiovascular system failure?

Fatigue or weakness, dizziness, and poor oxygen supply to organs.

What is the main job of the digestive system?

To break down food and absorb nutrients.

What happens if the digestive system fails?

Nutrients are not absorbed and energy supply decreases.

What are the symptoms of digestive system failure?

Low energy, weight loss, and poor growth or repair.

What is the main job of the nervous system?

To control and coordinate body responses.

What happens if the nervous system fails?

Signals between brain and body are disrupted and response time slows.

What are the symptoms of nervous system failure?

Loss of coordination, delayed reflexes, and reduced sensation.

What is the main job of the muscular system?

To produce movement and maintain posture.

What happens if the muscular system fails?

Muscles cannot contract properly and movement becomes weak.

What are the symptoms of muscular system failure?

Muscle weakness, difficulty moving, and poor posture.

What is the main job of the skeletal system?

To support the body and protect organs.

What happens if the skeletal system fails?

Structural support is reduced and organs are less protected.

What are the symptoms of skeletal system failure?

Increased injury risk and difficulty standing or moving.

What is the main job of the immune system?

To defend the body against infection.

What happens if the immune system fails?

Pathogens are not destroyed efficiently and infections spread more easily.

What are the symptoms of immune system failure?

Frequent illness and slow recovery from infections.

What happens if the integumentary system fails?

Physical barrier is weakened and temperature control is disrupted.

What are the symptoms of integumentary system failure?

Increased infection risk and trouble regulating body temperature.

What is the main job of the endocrine system?

To regulate body processes using hormones.

What happens if the endocrine system fails?

Hormone levels become unbalanced and body processes slow or speed up improperly.

What are the symptoms of endocrine system failure?

Changes in metabolism and growth or development problems.

What is the main job of the urinary system?

To remove waste and regulate fluid balance.

What happens if the urinary system fails?

Waste builds up in the blood and fluid balance is disrupted.

What are the symptoms of urinary system failure?

Toxin buildup and swelling or dehydration.

What is the main job of the male reproductive system?

To produce sperm and male hormones.

What happens if the male reproductive system fails?

Sperm production decreases and hormone levels change.

What are the symptoms of male reproductive system failure?

Fertility problems and changes in male development.

What is the main job of the female reproductive system?

To produce eggs and female hormones; support pregnancy.

What happens if the female reproductive system fails?

Egg production or hormone balance is disrupted and pregnancy may not occur.

What are the symptoms of female reproductive system failure?

Fertility problems and irregular reproductive function.

What is the main job of the nucleus?

The nucleus holds DNA and controls cell activities.

What happens if the nucleus fails?

The cell cannot follow instructions or control its activities, affecting growth, repair, and protein production.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.

What are the consequences of a failing cell membrane?

Harmful substances may enter, or needed materials may not get in, disrupting cell balance and potentially causing cell death.

What does the cytoplasm do?

The cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid that holds cell parts and allows chemical reactions to occur.

What happens if the cytoplasm fails?

The cell cannot carry out basic life processes.

What is the main function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria produce energy for the cell.

What are the effects of malfunctioning mitochondria?

The cell lacks energy, which can lead to cell death.

What do ribosomes do?

Ribosomes make proteins.

What is the significance of proteins in the cell?

Proteins are needed for structure, repair, and chemical reactions.

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

The ER helps move and process proteins and other materials.

What happens if the ER fails?

Proteins may not be transported or processed correctly, disrupting cell function.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus packages and ships proteins to where they are needed.

What are the consequences of a failing Golgi apparatus?

Proteins are not packaged or delivered correctly, impairing cell communication and function.

What do lysosomes do?

Lysosomes break down waste and damaged cell parts.

What happens if lysosomes fail?

Harmful materials build up inside the cell, which can damage or kill the cell.

What is the relationship between DNA, proteins, and traits?

DNA contains instructions to make proteins, which perform functions that create traits.

Why is it important for DNA to function properly?

If DNA is changed or damaged, it can lead to proteins that work poorly or not at all, affecting traits and cell survival.

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Mitosis is used for growth, repair, and replacement of cells, producing two identical cells.

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Meiosis is used for reproduction, producing sperm and eggs with half the number of chromosomes.

What are the four main types of macromolecules in human cells?

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids.

What are proteins made of?

Proteins are made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates provide quick energy and are the body's main fuel source.

What role do fats play in the body?

Fats provide long-term energy storage, insulation, and protection of organs.

What are nucleic acids responsible for?

Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

What are microorganisms?

Microorganisms are very small living organisms, some of which are helpful and some can cause disease.

What is the importance of understanding microorganisms in relation to the body?

Understanding microorganisms helps explain their effects, both beneficial and harmful, on health.

What is the role of the immune system when harmful microorganisms enter the body?

The immune system responds to fight infection.

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment.

Why is homeostasis important for survival?

It ensures that internal conditions remain within narrow limits necessary for health.

What happens if the body gets too hot?

The body sweats to cool down.

What happens if blood sugar levels get too high?

The body releases insulin to lower blood sugar levels.

What is an independent variable in an experiment?

The factor that is changed on purpose to observe its effect.

What is a dependent variable?

The factor that is measured or observed in an experiment.

What is a control in an experiment?

The part of the experiment that does not change, used for comparison.

What does a conclusion in an experiment represent?

What the results show based on the evidence gathered.

What is the main job of the integumentary system?

To protect the body and regulate temperature.

What is scientific reasoning?

The ability to think logically about scientific information and interpret data.