IFS lab exam 2 unit 6

Trochlea

• Medial epicondyles 

  • Groove for ulnar

Ulnar collateral ligament

• Capitulum 

  • Articulates with head of the radius, forming humeroradial joint 

• Radial fossa 

  • Accommodates the head of the radius during elbow flexion

• Olecranon fossa

  • Accommodates olecranon of ulna during elbow extension 

• Sulcus for ulnar nerve 

  • In medial epicondyle

• Olecranon process 

  • Ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris 

  • Anconeus muscle 

  • Tendon of triceps brachii 

• Coronoid process 

  • Pronator teres 

  • Flexor digitorum profundus 

  • Humeroulnar head of flexor digitorum superficialis

• Trochlear notch 

  • Proximal aspect of olecranon 

  • Distal articular portion on superior aspect of coronoid process 

• Radial notch 

  • Articulates with medial portion of articular circumference of the head of the radius, forms proximal radioulnar joint

  • Attachment for annular ligament of radius

• Tuberosity ulna 

  • Insertion for brachialis muscle

• Head of radius (articular circumference)

  • Medial = articulates with radial notch of ulna

  • The rest is surrounded by annular ligament of radius

• Fovea (articular facet)

  • Articulates with capitulum

• Neck of radius 

  • Quadrate ligament 

  • Surrounded by annular ligament of radius 

• Radial tuberosity

  • Insertion for biceps brachii 

• Lateral collateral ligament complex- radial & lateral 

• Lateral collateral ligament complex- radial & lateral 

Function

• stabilizer of elbow joint 

• Lateral collateral ligament complex- radial & lateral attachments

1. Lateral epicondyle of humerus 

2. Proximal end of supinator crest of ulna

• Annular ligament 

• Annular ligament 

Function

• holds radial head in radial notch; allows spinning motion

• Annular ligament 

attachments

anterior margin of radial notch on ulna

Medial collateral ligament

Medial collateral ligament function

• Stabilizer of the elbow joint  

Medial collateral ligament anterior function

most important; resist valgus stress

Medial collateral ligament oblique function

• Connects distal attachments of anterior & posterior bands together 

Medial collateral ligament posterior function

Posterior part of medial epicondyle of humrus to medial margin of olecranon of ulna

• Interosseous membrane

• Interosseous membrane

function

• connects radius & ulna; force transmission 

• Interosseous membrane

attachment

• predominant interosseous borders 

Biceps Brachii

Biceps Brachii function

• flexion and assist in supination (distally)

Biceps Brachii attachments

• Proximal 

  • Long head- supraglenoid tubercle 

    • Function- shoulder flexion

  • Short head- coracoid process

• Distal- tuberosity of radius & fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis 

Coracobrachialis

Coracobrachialis function

• helps flex & adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder 

Coracobrachialis attachments

• Proximal- tip of coracoid process of scapula 

• Distal- middle 3^rd surface of humerus

Brachialis

Brachialis function

• flexes arm in all positions 

Brachialis attachments

• Proximal- distal half of anterior surface of humerus 

• Distal- coronoid process & tuberosity ulna

• Triceps brachii 

• Triceps brachii function

extends elbow, assists in shoulder extension

• Triceps brachii attachments

• Proximal 

  • Long head- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula 

  • Lateral head- posterior surface of humerus  

  • Medial head- posterior surface of humerus

• Distal- proximal end of olecranon of ulna & fascia of forearm

Anconeus

Anconeus function

assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow joint; can abduct ulna during pronation

Anconeus attachments

• Proximal- lateral epicondyle of humerus 

• Distal- lateral surface of olecranon & superior part of posterior surface of ulna 

Anconeus innervation

•  radial n

Pronator teres (pass)

Pronator teres (pass) function

pronates & flexes forearm at elbow

Pronator teres (pass) attachment

• Proximal 

  • Ulnar head- coronoid process 

  • Humeral head- medial epicondyle of humerus  

• Distal- middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius

Pronator teres (pass) innervation

• median n

Flexor carpi radialis (fail)

Flexor carpi radialis (fail) function

• flexes & abducts hand at wrist 

Flexor carpi radialis (fail) attachemnts

• Proximal- medial epicondyle of humerus  

• Distal- base of 2^nd metacarpal 

Flexor carpi radialis (fail) innervation

median n

Palmaris longus (pass)

Palmaris longus (pass) function

flexes hand at wrist & tenses palmer aponeurosis

Palmaris longus (pass) attachment

• Proximal- medial epicondyle of humerus  

• Distal- distal half of flexor retinaculum & apex of palmer aponeurosis 

Palmaris longus (pass) innervation

• median n 

• Flexor carpi ulnaris (fail)

• Flexor carpi ulnaris (fail) function

flexes & adducts the hand at the wrist

• Flexor carpi ulnaris (fail) attachemnts

• Proximal- 

  • Humeral head- medial epicondyle of humerus  

  • Ulnar head- olecranon & posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis)

• Distal- pisiform, hook of hamate, 5^th metacarpal 

• Flexor carpi ulnaris (fail) innervation

ulnar n

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum superficialis function

• flexes middle phalanges at PIP of middle 4 digits; flexes proximal phalanges at MCP 

Flexor digitorum superficialis attachemnts

• Proximal- 

  • Humero-ulnar head- medial epicondyle 

  • Radial head- superior half of anterior border of radius

• Distal- shaft of middle phalanges of middle 4 digits 

Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

• median n 

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor digitorum profundus function Medial part

• flexes distal phalanges 4 & 5 at distal IP 

Flexor digitorum profundus attachments Medial part

Proximal- proximal ¾ of medial & anterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane

bases of distal phalanges of 4^th & 5^th digits

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation Medial part

ulnar

Flexor digitorum profundus function Lateral part

flexes distal phalanges 2 & 3 at distal IP

Flexor digitorum profundus attachments Lateral part

• Proximal- proximal ¾ of medial & anterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane 

• Distal- bases of distal phalanges 2 & 3

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation Lateral part

anterior interosseous n

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexor pollicis longus function

flexes phalanges of thumb

Flexor pollicis longus attachment

• Proximal- anterior surface of radius & adjacent interosseous membrane 

• Distal- base of distal phalanx of thumb 

Flexor pollicis longus innervation

• anterior interosseous n

• Pronator quadratus

• Pronator quadratus function

pronates forearm

• Pronator quadratus attachemnts

• Proximal- distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna 

• Distal- distal quarter of anterior surface of radius

• Pronator quadratus innervation

• anterior interosseous n

Brachioradialis (big)

Brachioradialis (big) function

weak flexion of forearm, stronger in mid-pronated position

Brachioradialis (big) attachments

• Proximal- proximal 2/3 of supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

• Distal- lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process 

Brachioradialis (big) innervation

radial n

• Extensor carpi radialis longus (long)

• Extensor carpi radialis longus (long) function

• extend & abducts hand at wrist joint (active during first clenching)

• Extensor carpi radialis longus (long) attachments

• Proximal- lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

• Distal- dorsal aspect of base of 2^nd metacarpal 

• Extensor carpi radialis longus (long) innervation

• radial n 

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (black)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (black) function

• extend & abducts hand at wrist joint (active during first clenching)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (black) attachment

• Proximal- lateral epicondyle of humerus 

• Distal- dorsal aspect of base of 3^rd metacarpal

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (black) innervation

• deep branch of radial n

• Extensor digitorum (d**k)

• Extensor digitorum (d**k) function

extends medial 4 digits primarily at MCP; secondary at IP

• Extensor digitorum (d**k) attachments

• Proximal- lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Distal- extensor expansions of medial 4 digits

• Extensor digitorum (d**k) innervation

• deep branch of radial n

Supinator

Supinator function

• supinates forearm 

Supinator attachments

• Proximal- lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral & annular ligaments; supinator fossa, crest of ulna

• Distal- lateral, posterior, anterior surface of proximal 3 of radius