retake

Freshwater

Only 3% of Earth's water is considered freshwater.

Groundwater

Exists in areas of porous rock underground, and impervious surfaces decrease the rate of groundwater recharge.

Result of groundwater depletion

Lowering of the water table.

Cone of depression result

Saltwater intrusion.

Distribution of freshwater resources

Human populations are not aligned with freshwater access.

Dam benefits

Provide divertable water source for areas which are water poor.

Concerns regarding dam sediment build up

It reduces power generation, starving downstream water of nutrients, and causing buildup of pollutants.

Water in reservoir compared to water downstream from dam

Reservoir water is colder and more nutrient rich.

Largest hydroelectric dam

Located in Eastern China.

Diversion of water from Colorado River

Results in loss of water volume in Lake Meade.

Draining of the Aral Sea

Resulted from irrigation to regional cotton fields.

Desalination

Boiling water to distill freshwater from salt.

Biggest environmental cost of desalination

Salt Brine.

Drip Irrigation

Involves several crops on the farm, suited for shallow sandy soil.

Loss of the least amount of water by evaporation

Drip irrigation.

Greatest % of domestic use of water in US

Flushing toilets.

Gray water

Water used for bathing and washing clothes.

Mexico City sinking

Soil under the city is compacting due to the depletion of the aquifer that once supported it.

Economic consequence of Lake Powell diversion

Increased electricity prices due to decreased production at Glen Canyon Dam.

Freshwater stored from largest to smallest supply

Ice Caps/Glaciers -> Groundwater -> Rivers & Lakes.

Human health concern related to Aral Sea shrink

Respiratory illness from dried sediments.

50% of world’s desalinated water

Produced in the Middle East.

Irrigation paired with advantage/disadvantage

Flood irrigation increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.

Highest % of residential water usage in US

Outdoor uses.

Ogallala Aquifer

Underlies the United States high plains and is being depleted by overuse.

Process for distilling freshwater

Reverse osmosis.

Conclusions drawn from data in chart

Increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.

True about confined and unconfined aquifers

Statements I, II, III, and V are correct.

Economic benefits of building large dams

Statements I and III are correct.

Concerns regarding sediment build up behind a dam

Statements II, III, and IV only.

Draining of the Aral Sea

Caused by irrigation of regional cotton fields.

Highest % of US water usage

Outdoor uses.