Cells, Biomolecules, and Cellular Transport

Vocabulary flashcards covering cell types, organelles, modern cell theory, biological macromolecules, nutritional modes, and cellular transport mechanisms.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells that do not have a nucleus and are not bound by a cell wall, with examples including coccus, bacillus, and sporelium.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that have a nucleus bound by a cell membrane, with plant and animal cells as examples.

Modern cell theory

The concept that DNA is passed between cells during cell division, cells and DNA of similar organisms share similar chemistry and structure, energy flows in cells, and cells come from other cells.

Nucleus

A structure that contains DNA controlling the cell's unique characteristics and produces ribosomes.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell and its main source of energy.

Vacuole

A cell organelle that stores nutrients and waste.

Endoplasmic reticulum

A cellular structure that uses ribosomes to make protein.

Lysosome

An organelle that contains enzymes that break down waste.

Carbohydrate

A compound made of carbon that serves as a living thing's main source of energy, having monosaccharide as its monomer.

Lipids

Molecules that do not dissolve in water, are made of fatty acids, and are used to store energy and make cellular membranes.

Nucleic acid

A biological polymer whose monomer unit is the nucleotide.

Proteins

Biological polymers whose monomer consists of 20 amino acids.

Autotrophic

Refers to organisms that produce their own nutrients.

Heterotrophic

Refers to organisms that ingest or absorb nutrients.

Endocytosis

A transport process in which substances enter the cell.

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis described as the process of eating a cell, which takes in large particles.

Penocytosis

A type of transport described as the process of drinking a cell, which takes in extracellular food.

Receptor mediated

A specific targeting mechanism for cell ingestion, functioning like a lock on heat.

Exocytosis

The process of removing substances or waste from the cell, where fluid exits the cell.