EES 125 Chapter 1 Notes 8-18-22

Meteorology

________ is the study of the atmosphere, the processes that cause weather, and the life cycle of weather systems.

Water vapor

________ can condense on solids, and aerosols reflect sunlight.

Universel Temps Coordinne

UTC (________) is based on an atomic clock, expressed as a 24- hour clock.

Ozone

________ has three atoms of oxygen (O3) and its distribution is not uniform.

Lows

________ are described as stormy- weather systems.

Time zones

________ are measured east /west of the prime meridian (0 degrees longitude)

stationaryThe passage

Some fronts have no clouds or precipitation, and are ________ is indicated by wind shift and temperature /humidity changes.

Relative humidity

________ is the percentage /ratio of actual water vapor concentration of air vs. water vapor concentration if air was saturated.

Winter storms

________ are more likely to the west and north of the path of a low- pressure system.

Coastal

In ________ areas, lake /sea breezes produce lower summer temperatures.

humidity

They have relatively uniform characteristics horizontally, including temperature and ________.

Fog

________ is actually a cloud that is very near or in contact with Earths surface.

Cumulus

________ clouds build vertically and merge laterally, eventually forming a thunderstorm cloud (aka a cumulonimbus cloud)

Aerosols

________ are the reason we have color in sunrise and sunset.

NOAA

________ stands for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

IR

Warm objects emit more intense infrared (________) radiation than cold objects.

Climatology

________ is the study of climate, its controls, and spatial and temporal variability.

aneroid barometer

A(n) ________ is one "without liquid "that uses an expanding chamber.

horizontal movement

Wind is the ________ of air, out of areas of high pressure and into areas of low pressure.

Condensation nuclei

________ are what causes condensation to form.

subtropical regions

Warm, dry air masses form over continents in ________.

Doppler radar

________ detects movement, and is excellent for forecasting tornadoes.

Air Masses

________ are huge volumes of air covering hundreds of thousands of square kilometers.

Polar Air Masses

________ are colder in winter, milder in summer.

wind direction

Changes in ________ are associated with the locations of cyclones and anticyclones.

barometer

A(n) ________ is an instrument for measuring pressure.

Highs

________ are often described as fair- weather systems.

Upper air

________ winds generally blow parallel to isobars, also known as jet streams.

humid air masses

Warm, ________ form near the equator or in the subtropics over maritime surfaces.

Coriolis Effect

Specifically, the ________ means that once air has been set in motion by the pressure gradient force, it undergoes an apparent deflection from its path, as seen by an observer on Earth.

Water vapor satellite images

________ allow meteorologists to identify and track the movement of moisture plumes within the atmosphere over thousands of kilometers.

Weather Radar

________ complements satellite surveillance by locating and tracking the movement of areas of precipitation.

N Hemisphere

As air moves from high to low pressure in the ________, it is deflected to the right by the Coriolis force and left in the S Hemisphere.

Fronts

________ are transition zones between air masses that differ in temperature, humidity, or both.

Inches of mercury

________ are used to describe air pressure, and the standard sea level pressure is 29.92 inches of mercury.

Surface observations

________ are taken at least 4 times per 24 hours, and the US takes hourly observations.

24 hours

Warm front clouds and precipitation occur over a wide band (usually 12- ________ or longer), while cold front clouds and precipitation occur over a narrow band (only a couple minutes to hours, hard precipitation)

Cold Fronts

________ are more likely to have thunderstorms and heavy rain.

sea level

The weight of the air at ________ is 1 kilogram per square centimeter.

Satellite borne sensors

________ are either passive or active.

Climate

________ is averaged weather, computed for the last 30 years and updated every decade.

Tropical Air Masses

________ have less seasonal variation due to nearly uniform sunlight, duration, and intensity.

overcast sky

A(n) ________ prevents the days minimum temperature from falling and the days maximum from rising more than otherwise.

Clouds

________ are aggregates of tiny water droplets, ice crystals, or some combination of both.

Water vapor

________ along with CO2 are major greenhouse gases (GHGs)

Aerosols

________ are tiny solid and liquid particles.

air masses

They form where contrasting ________ meet, and the associated air movements often give rise to cloudiness and precipitation.

N Hemisphere

Deflection is to the right in the ________ and to the left in the S Hemisphere.

Water vapor

________ makes up about 4 % of the airs volume, and it forms clouds and precipitation.

Water vapor

________ also absorbs heat energy from Earth.

Pressure changes

Pressure is the weight of the air above

Direction

here, winds are labeled from where they originate (e.g

North wind

blows from the north toward the south)

Speed

is often measured by a cup anemometer