Inheritance

What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Meiosis is the process used to make gametes, contributing to genetic diversity.

Define alleles.

Alleles are different variants of a gene.

What is the difference between somatic and germline mutations?

Somatic mutations affect body cells and are not inherited, while germline mutations affect gametes and are inherited.

What does the genotype influence?

The genotype influences the phenotype displayed.

Fill in the blank: A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a __________.

protein.

What are gametes in animals?

In animals, gametes are eggs and sperm.

What is the outcome of fertilisation?

Fertilisation combines two gametes to form a zygote.

What is the phenotype?

The phenotype is the outward expression of an individual's genotype.

Explain the terms homozygous and heterozygous.

Homozygous means having the same alleles, while heterozygous means having different alleles.

How many eggs does a woman have at puberty?

Around 300,000 eggs.

What is a Punnett Square used for?

To predict the genetic outcomes of offspring based on the genotypes of the parents.

What does it mean for a trait to be autosomal dominant?

The trait will not skip generations and at least one affected parent is necessary.

What is meant by genetic diversity?

Genetic diversity arises from sexual reproduction, which involves two individuals contributing DNA to offspring.

List one beneficial mutation.

Malaria resistance.