Chapter 7 Genetics Vocabulary and Historical Notes

Flashcards covering Chapter 7 genetics vocabulary, including meiotic recombination, linkage, chromosome behavior, and early genetics discoveries.

What is recombination?

When genetic material is rearranged, creating new combinations of genes.

How is genetic linkage defined?

When 2 genes are close together on the same chromosomes and tend to be inherited together.

What is the purpose of a Chi-Squared Test?

A test to see if the results of an experiment match what we expected.

What are chiasmata?

Points where homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange genetic material during meiosis.

What is a tetratype?

A group of 4 different types of spores produced during meiosis because crossing over occurred.

What is a locus?

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

What is the coefficient of coincidence?

A measurement that compares the number of double crossovers that actually happened to the number expected.

What does interference mean in the context of genetic crossing over?

When one crossover makes another crossover nearby less likely to happen.

What is a parental ditype?

A group of spores that contains only the original parental combinations of genes, with no new combinations.

What are ascospores?

Spores produced by certain fungi through sexual reproduction.

What occurs during first-division segregation?

Chromosomes separate during the 1st meiotic division, causing alleles to separate into different cells.

What is a mosaic?

An organism that has $2+$ groups of cells with different genetic makeups.

What did Knight discover in the 1820s when cross-breeding grey and white peas?

The first generation is entirely grey (trait dominance), and the second generation saw the appearance of white peas, demonstrating dominance and recessiveness before Mendel.

What discovery did botanist Robert Brown make in 1831?

He identified and named the cell nucleus while studying.