Study Notes on Racism, Language Variations, and Social Inequality

Indexical meanings

are the meanings that words or expressions acquire based on their context of use, including factors like the speaker's identity and social relations.

Language ideology/ideologies

Beliefs and assumptions about language that shape social relations and power dynamics, often influencing perceptions of speakers based on their language use.

Symbolic revalorization of language

is the process of redefining and elevating the value of a particular language or dialect, often as a form of resistance against social inequality and cultural marginalization.

IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)

is a system of phonetic notation that visually represents the sounds of spoken language, providing a consistent way to transcribe and analyze pronunciation across different languages.