Anatomy and Physiology: Module Two Review

Comprehensive fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering medical terminology, bone surface markings, pelvic and lower extremity anatomy, nerves and plexuses, joint classifications, muscular origin/insertion/actions, bone histology and fracture healing, and muscle contraction physiology.

The medical word root myel(o) refers to __________.

bone marrow

A clicking sound often heard during the movement of joints is known as __________.

crepitus

The surgical suffix __________ denotes a puncture performed to aspirate or remove fluid.

-centesis

The bone marking shown here, defined as a narrow slit between bones for the passage of blood vessels or nerves, is the __________.

superior orbital fissure

The large opening at the base of the skull shown here for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments is the __________.

foramen magnum

The shallow depression on the temporal bone indicated here that forms the joint with the mandible is the __________.

mandibular fossa

A very large bony projection found exclusively on the femur is termed a __________.

trochanter

Each hip bone (os coxae) of the pelvic girdle is formed by the fusion of three bones: the ilium, ischium, and __________.

pubis

The region of the bony pelvis situated superior to the pelvic brim is called the __________ pelvis.

false (greater)

When comparing pelvic anatomy, the female pubic arch forms an angle __________ $90^\circ$, whereas the male pubic arch is less than $90^\circ$.

greater than

The human tarsus contains a total of __________ tarsal bones.

7

The lumbar plexus arises from spinal nerve roots __________.

L1-L4

The cartilaginous joint shown connecting the first rib to the manubrium of the sternum via hyaline cartilage is classified as a __________.

synchondrosis

The midline joint shown connecting the anterior hip bones with a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage is the __________.

pubic symphysis

The biaxial synovial joint between the radius and the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones shown here is classified as a __________ joint.

condyloid

The biaxial synovial joint formed between the trapezium and the first metacarpal of the thumb is classified as a __________ joint.

saddle

The multiaxial joint shown between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone is classified as a __________ joint.

ball-and-socket

The short head of the biceps femoris muscle is innervated by the __________ branch of the sciatic nerve.

fibular

The semitendinosus muscle inserts at the proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at the __________ tendon.

pes anserinus

The semimembranosus muscle inserts onto the posterior aspect of the __________ condyle of the tibia.

medial

The rectus femoris muscle originates from the __________ of the pelvis.

anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

The vastus lateralis muscle originates from the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, and the lateral lip of the __________.

linea aspera

The large posterior hip muscle shown here that extends, laterally rotates, and abducts the hip is the __________.

gluteus maximus

The fan-shaped hip muscle shown here that abducts the hip and inserts onto the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter is the __________.

gluteus medius

The three muscular columns comprising the erector spinae group are the spinalis, longissimus, and __________.

iliocostalis

The multinucleated bone cells derived from white blood cell lineage that function in bone resorption are __________.

osteoclasts

The mineral salts calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide combine in bone extracellular matrix to produce crystallized mineral compounds termed __________.

hydroxyapatite

In an epiphyseal growth plate, the zone directly adjacent to the diaphysis where mineralized matrix surrounds dying chondrocytes is the zone of __________ cartilage.

calcified

The early inflammatory phase of bone fracture repair marked by the formation of a blood clot is the formation of a __________.

fracture hematoma

During embryonic development, a mature skeletal muscle fiber forms from the fusion of 100 or more precursor cells called __________.

myoblasts

In the sarcomere diagram shown, the light region containing thin filaments only and bisected by a Z disc is the __________.

I band

During step 3 of the cross-bridge cycle (the power stroke), the release of __________ causes the myosin head to pivot toward the M line.

ADP

The type of isotonic contraction where a muscle lengthens while resisting a load, as depicted in lowering a book, is an __________ contraction.

eccentric

Slow oxidative (Type I) skeletal muscle fibers appear red because they contain high amounts of myoglobin and rely primarily on __________ respiration for ATP.

aerobic

Neighboring cardiac muscle cells are linked end-to-end by transverse thickenings of the sarcolemma called __________ that contain desmosomes and gap junctions.

intercalated discs

In smooth muscle tissue, calcium ions bind to the regulatory protein __________ rather than troponin to activate cross-bridge cycling.

calmodulin