chapter 5 Chem test

Nuclear fission

The splitting of an unstable nucleus into two stable nuclei ; release lots of energy + 2-4 neutrons

Radio Activity

The process of spontaneously releasing radiation

Radiation

The particles and raises emitted by radioactive materials

Nuclear reaction

A reaction that involves a change in the atoms nucleus

Radioactive decay

When unstable nuclei, emit radiation and lose energy

Fissile Material

Material that can be split a part into two stabler nuclei

Enrichment

A process by which we increase the amount of wanted isotope in a sample

Nuclear meltdown

Happens when heat from fusion melts fuel channels

Brand

First scientific discovery of an element, Phosphorus

Dobereiner

law of triad group elements based on similarities

Newlands

law of octaves had the eighth element repeating the properties of the first element

Mendeleev

-Known as the father of the periodic table

-predicted properties of missing elements and ten new elements

Meyer

-developed a similar periodic table at the same time as Mendeleev

-PT was based on physical properties

-did not make predictions

Mosley

-use x-ray spectra to determine atomic number

-improved periodic law by discovering properties of elements are function of atomic elements

Why does atomic radius occur as it does?

Decreases as you move from left to right because effective nuclear charge increases

Why is atomic radius grouped as it is?

Increases as you go down because of higher quantum numbers (more electrons)

Why does ionization energy occur as it does?

Increases left to right cause increasing effective nuclear charge

Define ionization energy group trend

Decreases going down, distance from the nucleus

Why does electronegativity occur as it does?

Increases left to right atoms are closer to a noble gas configuration

Define electronegativities group trends

Increases up a group because electrons are closer to the nucleus

Why does effective nuclear charge occur as it does?

Zeff nuclear charge increases as you go across a period

What is effective nuclear charge group trend?

Number of shielding electrons stay the same,Nuclear charge increases positively

What’s the difference between alpha Beta and Gamma?

Aloha-stopped by sheet paper

Beta-stopped by Aluminum

Gamma- stopped by Lead

What was the Three Mile Island?

Technical and operator errors, no deaths, partial meltdown

What was Chernobyl

Communist party corruption, cheap Control rods, cutting corners, full meltdown, 4000-60,000 deaths

What was Fukushima?

9.0 magnitude, earthquake hits tsunami knocks out back up power, meltdown

Effective nuclear charge

The positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi electron atom

Atomic radius

The distance from the atomic nucleus to the outermost stable electron orbital in a atom

Ionization energy

Minimum energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule in the gaseous phase

Electronegativity

The tendency for an atom and a molecule to attack electrons

What is the chemical and physical properties of alkali metals?

Low density, shiny and soft, very reactive low melting point

What is the chemical and physical properties with alkaline earth metals?

Low density, shiny white color, relatively reactive, not as reactive as alkali metals

What are the physical and chemical properties of Chacogens?

Nonmetals highly reactive

What is a physical and chemical properties of halogens?

High electronegativity, very reactive nonmetals colored

What is the physical and chemical properties of noble gases?

Very unreactive colorless

What are the physical and chemical properties of transitional metals?

high density, High melting point, oxidation states