Virology Bio-201 microbiology

ooooh spooky scary viruses shivering up ur spine

What are Obligate Intracellular Parasites ((OIPS)

Things that require a host to live

do Obligate Intracellular Parasites respond to antibiotics

They do not respond to antibiotics

Can viruses carry DNA and RNA

no they cannot carry both

What surrounds viruses nucleic acid

a protein coat

What do viruses use to multiple

They use the host cell

What are Mycophages

Viruses that target fungi

What are bacteriophages

A type of virus that only infects/replicates in bacteria

How can you view viruses

With an electron microscope

What do all viruses have

A capsid and a nucleic acid

What is the outer coat of a virus

The capsid

What is the Innercore of a virus

Nucleic acid

What is the capsid made of

Capsomere (protein units)

What is the innercore of a bacteriophage made of

only dsDNA

what are Envelope’s on viruses

Proteins/lipids/carbohydrates that surround the capsid

What are Viruses without an envelope called

Naked viruses

What can attach to the envelope if it is present

Spikes made of carbohydrate protein

What do the Carbohydrate-protein spikes do

Help viruses attach to hosts and used to ID viruses (influenza)

what are Helical viruses

Viruses with a spiral/rod shape capsid

What are polyhedral viruses

viruses with a capsid that has many sides (looks like a polygon circle)

How to identify bacteriophages on petri plate

look for plaque formation

What can be used to grow animal viruses

Embryonated eggs, Tissue/Cell culture, Living animals

What is the perfected cultivation method for animal viruses

Tissue/Cell culture

What are serological methods for cultivation and identification

Viral antigens, viral antibodies

What is a molecular method for cultivation and identification of viruses

Nucleic acid analysis

What is the Lytic cycle of a bacteriophage

Reproduction process of a virus

What is step 1 of the Lytic cycle

Attachment/Adsorption happens

What happens during the Attachment/Adsorption part of the lytic cycle

chemical interaction and weak bonds are formed

What is step 2 of the lytic cycle

Penetration (DNA injected into host)

What is stage 3 of the Lytic cycle

Biosynthesis

What is Biosynthesis

The eclipse period

What is stage 4 of the Lytic cycle

Maturation (mature viruses called virions assemble)

What happens during the maturation stage of the lytic cycle

virions assemble (mature viruses)

What is stage 5 of the Lytic cycle

Release (Lysis of host cell)

What happens when a host cell undergoes lysis

it bursts and the contents go flying

What is the burst size

50-2000 virions

What is the burst time of the lytic cycle

20-40 minutes

What is the Lysogenic Cycle

Bacteriophage integrates genetic material into the host cells chromosome

What happens during the Integration phase of the Lysogenic Cycle

Phage DNA becomes integrated into the bacterial chromosome (prophage)

What does the microbe Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause

Diphtheria

What is happens when you have Diptheria

Cytotoxin attacks cells/organs

What does Streptococcus pyogenes cause

Scarlet fever

What happens when you have scarlet fever

Erythrogenic toxin attacks RBC’s

What does Clostridium botulinum cause

Botulism

What happens when you have Botulism

Acetylcholine can’t be released

What does Vibrio choleria cause

Choleria

What happens when you have Cholera

Enterotoxin in intestinal tract

What are the 4 possible outcomes from Lysogenic cycle

Transduction, Host cell is immune from reinfection from the phage, host cell can show new properties, goes back to lytic cycle

Can Transduction happen VIA the lysogenic cycle

Yes

What is uncoating

When the capsid is stripped away to release genetic code

Where do DNA viruses replicate

Nucleus

Where do RNA viruses replicate

Cytoplasm

What are Cytopathic Effects (CPE)

Visible effects that can damage or change the host cell

What are inclusion bodies

Unassembled viral parts (ie: negri bodies)

What virus produces inclusion bodies

Rabies

What type of inclusion bodies do rabies produce

Negri bodies

What is the incubation period of rabies

5-8 weeks

What is Interferon Production

when Antiviral proteins are produced

what does producing Antiviral proteins do

Protects neighboring uninfected cells from being infected

What produces Antiviral proteins as a result of infection

Host cells

What type of virus is the Parvovirus

a single stranded DNA virus

What does the Parvovirus cause

Gastroenteritis (fetal death), fifth disease, in cats/dogs causes rapid dehydration

What are different types of the Papoviruses

HPV (human Papillomavirus),Papilloma, Polyoma

What can HPV and other papoviruses cause

Warts, plantar warts, genital warts

How is HPV and other Papoviruses transmissioned

Via Direct contact & fomites

What is treatment for Papoviruses

Cryosurgery, laser, chemicals

What can Adenoviruses cause

Respiratory infections

What type of virus is herpes

double stranded DNA

What type of virus is Adenovirus

Double stranded DNA

What are the types of herpes

HSV-1 and HSV-2

What is HSV-1 herpes

fever blisters/ cold sores

How is HSV-1 transmitted

Orally or respiratory

How is HSV-1 treated

with Acyclovir & OTC

What is HSV-2

Genital herpes

How is Genital herpes transmitted

Sexual contact

How is HSV-2 (genital herpes) treated

Acyclovir, Valaclycovir

What is HSV-3

Chicken pox

What virus causes Chicken pox

Varicella virus

What virus causes shingles

Zoster virus

What is CMV

Opportunistic viral infection that lies in respiratory tract

What is the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

Virus that infects the lymphoid & glandular tissue

what does EBV cause

Infectious mononucleosis

What is Poxvirus

Small pox

How is small pox transmissioned

Via Respiratory tract

What causes 50% of all colds

Rhinovirus

How is Rhinovirus transmitted

Respiratory tract and hand to hand contact

What are symptoms of Rhinovirus

Sneezing, nasal sections, congestion

How to treat rhinovirus

treat the symptoms

What does the Poliovirus do

invade CNS to cause paralysis

How is polio virus transmitted

fecal oral

What does the coxsackie virus cause

hand foot mouth disease (HFMD)

What can happen if infants get coxsackie virus

Myocarditis, diarrhea, viral menigitis

how is Hepatitis A transmitted (HAV)

fecal-oral method

What does Encephalitis cause

Microencephaly in infants (smaller head due to abnormal brain development)

How is Encephalitis transmitted

Mosquitoes or ticks

What does Rubivirus cause

German measles or Rubella

What is the MMR vaccine used for

measles, mumps, rubella

What is the Vector for yellow fever

Mosquitos

What diseases can the Flavivirus cause

Yellow fever and Dengue fever and Hep C

How is Hepatitis C (HCV) transmitted

Blood to blood (parental, needles)

What disease has no vaccines

HCV (hep C)