Exam 1 Multiple Choice BIO341

What characteristics differentiate cells of different types?

All of the above

The same underlying biochemical and physical processes govern all cells regardless if they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. 

True

What are some characteristics found in all model organisms?

Both A and C

Some commonly utilized model organisms include E. coli, S. cerevisiae, fruit flys, and zebrafish.

True

Mrs. Henrietta Lacks’ cells are considered an immortalized cell line.

True

Are all of the following chemical groups real?

Carbon-Carbon

Methyl

Carboxyl

Carbonyl

Hydroxyl

Phosphoryl

Amino

True

Name the four main macromolecules found in cells.

Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids

What are some classes of proteins?

Enzymes, Structural, Transport, Signal, Receptor

What are the two folds that make up protein secondary structure?

Alpha Helix, Beta Sheet

Covalent bonds typically stabilize tertiary and quaternary structures.

True

Protein structure is?

Both B and C

Proteins that have misfolded into pathogenic conformations are called amyloid fibrils or amyloids. 

True

What is the correct order of the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA-RNA-Protein

What are some differences between DNA and RNA?

All of the above

DNA is tightly wound in what structure? 

Chromatin

DNA replication is what?

All of the above

What is CRISPR/Cas?

Both A and C

What are some differences between DNA and RNA?

All of the above

Can RNA adopt complex 3D structures inside of the cell?

True

Do the template and coding strands differ from gene to gene?

True

What differentiates RNA polymerase from DNA polymerase?

Both A and B

How many types of RNA polymerase do eukaryotes have?

3

What molecules are required for the function of eukaryotic RNA polymerase?

Transcription factors

What factor binds first to DNA to allow for the recruitment of all other factors

TFIID

What are the common modifications that RNA undergo?

All of the above

Protein conformations are permanent and not subject to change. 

False

a tRNA does what during translation?

Both A and C

What protein is responsible for pairing the amino acid to its tRNA?

Aminocyl tRNA synthetase.

What is the first level of gene expression?

Transcription factors.

What is an operon?

A series of related genes transcribed as a single mRNA.

What is the classical example of an operon and how it functions?

Lac operon.

What are some ways cells retain their identity?

All of the above

RBPs dictate a wide variety of fates for mRNA transcripts in the cell. Are the following roles true?

Localize RNAs to specific regions of the cell.

Facilitate ribosome binding of RNAs

Stabilize RNAs

Fascilitate degredation of RNAs

True

RBPs bind to what regulatory sequences on mRNAs?

UTRs

Localization of mRNAs is a method to regulate what?

All of the above

miRNAs function to do what inside the cell?

Facilitate degradation of mRNA.

In bacteria a specific entry sequence for the ribosome can be bound by transcriptional repressors to prevent ribosome binding. This is called what?

The Shine Dalgarno.

Iron is transported into the cell in part by what protein?

Transferrin.

What post-translational modification targets proteins for degradation in eukaryotes? 

Ubiquitination.

What amino acid residue is commonly targeted for ubiquitination? 

Lysine