C7

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to molecular shapes, polarity, hybridization, and bonding, suitable for exam preparation.

Molecular Dipole

A combination of all bond dipoles in a molecule, which also have directions.

Polar Molecule

A molecule that has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds.

Nonpolar Molecule

A molecule that has an overall net dipole moment of zero, often due to symmetrical shape and canceling dipoles.

Hybridization

The mixing of atomic orbitals to create new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds.

Tetrahedral Shape

A molecular shape where a central atom is bonded to four other atoms, forming a shape like a pyramid with a triangular base.

Trigonal Bipyramidal

A molecular shape with five bonded groups surrounding a central atom, resulting in two different types of angles from the central atom.

Bond Dipole

A measure of the polarity of a bond that is a vector pointing from the less electronegative atom to the more electronegative atom.

Sigma Bond

A type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of orbitals; usually stronger and more stable than pi bonds.

Lone Pair

A pair of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding and are localized on an atom.

Electron Geometry

The three-dimensional arrangement of electron groups around a central atom.