ib history 12 standards 6.2 (which also means 7.3), 6.5, 7.2 quiz

lol 67

Nikita Khrushchev

the head of the Soviet Union following the death of Joseph Stalin; rose to power in 1953 and wanted to move away from traditional Stalinism

Secret Speech

Nikita Khrushchev’s 1956 speech to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party expressing his desires “de-Stalinization”

de-Stalinization

Khrushchev’s desire to return the Soviet Union back to a Lenin

Peaceful Coexistence

the belief that capitalism and communism should accept the existence of one another rather than use force to destroy each other; to Khrushchev, meant that American capitalism will die out on its own, without a revolutionary conflict

Eisenhower

republic who won the 1952 Presidential Election; first President following Truman during Cold War
-fewer concerns about being labeled “soft on Communism”, with both background as a WWII general and war hero and fierce and public sentiment against communism
-supported new policies towards bomb use and responses to the Soviet Union

John Foster Dulles

Eisenhower’s Secretary of State who supported his new policies against the Soviet Union

Roll-Back

liberating Eastern European countries that were, at the time, held by the Soviets; one of the new policies that Eisenhower and Dulles hoped to pursue

Brinkmanship

part of Eisenhower’s “New Look” policies; involved going to the brink and threatening nuclear war to intimidate the aggressor into backing down

Massive Retaliation

part of Eisenhower’s “New Look” policies; involved responding to an attack with a far-more aggressive attack, especially involving nuclear weapons

New Look

Eisenhower and Dulles’ new nuclear/foreign policies hoping that the USSR would collapse if communism was contained, relying upon increased/extended military and intelligence uses

Missile Gap

concerns (not real) that the US lagged behind the USSR in terms of weapons in the late 1950s; created fear within Americans and led to weapon development/funding of science programs/education

U2 Incident

May 1960: the downing of an American U2 Spy Plane over the USSR; US gets caught in a lie/violating previous agreements, Eisenhower has to come forward and accept responsibility, and Khrushchev canceled plans for Eisenhower to visit USSR; thaw effectively soiled

atomic bomb

a nuclear bomb launched from a missile or plane

hydrogen bomb

a thermonuclear bomb that is much more powerful than atomic

strategic bombers

planes capable of carrying and delivering nuclear weapons

ICMB

intercontinental ballistic missiles, which carry nuclear weapons

SLBM

submarine-launched ballistic missiles

ABM

anti-ballistic missiles, which can be used to intercept and destroy nuclear weapons

MIRV

multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle; launched by a missile that allows several warheads to be used, each guided to a different target

counterforce strategy

battlefield “tactical” nuclear weapons on enemy forces rather than strategic weapons on cities

mutually assured destruction (MAD)

the ideology reached at the peak of the Arms Race stating that if no one would survive a nuclear confrontation, no one would start one

test-ban treaty

1963; stopped weapon testing in the atmosphere

non-proliferation treaty

1968; required nations possessing nuclear weapons not to pass on relevant information or technology to non-nuclear countries

SALT

strategic arms limitation talks beginning in 1969; two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union

SDI

1980s; ABM systems in space that would destroy missiles before they hit the US

china becomes communist

Mao Zedong and the communist party defeated the Chinese Nationalist Guomindang in the Chinese Civil War in October 1949

Mao Zedong

leader of the Chinese Communist Party and eventually China after the Chinese Civil War; Stalin refers Kim to Mao

Joseph McCarthy

Wisconsin Republican Senator who, fearing the infiltration of communism within the American government, accused Truman of being too soft on communism and sparked a movement of mass anti-communist hysteria

NSC-68

United States National Security Council report drafted by the US Department of Defense and State outlining that
-communist movements anywhere in the world can be traced back to Moscow
-monolithic view of the threat of communism and shaped American interpretations of communist movements for decades to come

domino effect

the belief that if the US began losing small East Asian states, all of East Asia will fall to communism; motivated the US to respond to the invasion of South Korea

United Nations

international peace organization for maintaining friendly relations among international states; in the Cold War, consideration of which China to be accepted into the UN Security Council, complicated the role of the UN in determining how to handle the invasion of South Korea; ultimately resolves to military intervention

UN Security Council

a group of five nations (US, UK, USSR, France, China) who had veto power within the UN; contention of refusing to accept China into the Security Council fuels tension Korea

Korean War

conflict between the separate administrations of Korea (ROK (South) and DPRK (North)) beginning on June 25th, 1950 with the invasion of South Korea by North Korean soldiers; US/UN troops arrive in Korea on July 1st; despite back and forth pushback (look at Korean War in four pictures), nation remains permanently divided at 38th parallel, and peace talks last two years; leads to escalation of US land forces in Europe (with a strengthened NATO), development of SEATO and military forces in Asia

38th Parallel

the point of division between North and South Korea

Kim Il Sung

North Korean leader of the DPRK who reached out for Soviet support to help unify the nation