Water in the Human Body: Roles, Balance, and Hydration

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering water balance, fluid compartments, regulation, and hydration-related conditions in the human body.

Homeostasis

Maintenance of stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Hyponatremia

Low blood sodium due to excess water, leading to cellular swelling.

Euhydration

State of optimal body water balance.

Hypohydration

Deficit of water causing impaired physiological function.

ADH (vasopressin)

Hormone that reduces water loss by increasing kidney reabsorption.

Edema

Accumulation of excess fluid in interstitial tissue spaces.

Intracellular fluid

Water contained inside cells, comprising $\sim 65\%$ of body water.

Extracellular fluid

Water outside cells, including plasma and interstitial fluid ($\sim 35\%$).

Lymph

Fluid containing $95\%$ water that carries proteins, white blood cells, and immune factors.

Protective fluids

Fluids such as synovial, vitreous, and spinal fluids that cushion joints, eyes, and the central nervous system.

Hyperthermia

A condition characterized by an abnormal rise in core body temperature, risked when sweat loss exceeds water replacement.