Physci quiz 4

Upper limb bones

Axial skeleton

Vertebral column, ribcage, sternum, skull

Appendicular skeleton

Arms and legs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

Sagittal plane

Mostly flexion/extension: hip flexion/extension, torso bending forward

Coronal plane

mostly abduction/adduction: hip abduction/adduction

Transverse plane

Mostly rotation

Scapula movements

Elevation/depression(shrugging shoulders), rotation(putting arm up in the air), protraction/retraction(pushing your shoulders back)

Glenohumeral movements

flexion/extension(lift arm up and out in front), abduction/adduction(only to 90 degrees), lateral/medial rotation(rotate arm away or toward you like opening a door)

Humeroulnar movements

Flexion/extension of elbow

radioulnar and humeroradial movements

Pronation/supination

Radius moves around ulna

2 radioulnar joints, one proximal and one distal

Wrist(radiocarpal) movements

flexion(down)/extension, radial(abduction)/ulnar(adduction) deviation

Fingers(carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal) movements

flexion(bent)/extension, abduction/adduction, opposition(pulling thumb in front of palm)

Radius

On thumb side, radius is rad

When waving, radius is medial and ulna is lateral

Pectoral girdle

Built for mobility as opposed to stability

Attaches upper limb to axial skeleton and provides attachment for muscles

Clavicle and scapula

Clavicle

intramembranous ossification

Acromioclavicular joint - pretty much immovable

Sternoclavicular joint - between sternum and clavicle (moves quite a bit)

Scapula

Between ribs 2-7

Medial, lateral, and superior border

Inferior, superior, and lateral angle

Acromion and coracoid process

Glenohumeral joint - most mobile joint in the body

Humeroulnar

Humerus(trochlea) and ulna(trochlear notch) hinge joint

Flexion/extension

Humeroradial

Humerus (capitulum) and radius(head)

pronation/supination

C1 vertebrae

Atlas

Has atlantooccipital joint connecting to base of skull

C2 vertebrae

Axis

Has atlantoaxial joint

Curvatures of the spine

Primary: Thoracic and sacral kyphoses

Secondary: Cervical and lumbar lordoses

Movements of the spine

Flexion/extension - cervical and lumbar

Lateral bending/flexion - cervical and thoracic

Rotation - cervical and thoracic

Articular disc

Between vertebrae

Has gooey center and cartilagenous region

Herniated disc - gooey center pushed out of disc

Developed partly from notochord

Spina bifida

Vertebral body doesn’t close all the way

Protrusion of meninges, open spinal cord

Costovertebral joint

Head of rib and 1 or 2 vertebral bodies

Costotransverse joint

Tubercle of rib and transverse process of inferior vertebrae

Ribs

1-7 true ribs

8-10 false ribs

11-12 floating ribs