the spread of diseases b7

What is a communicable disease

A disease that cab be transmitted from one organism to another

What is a pathogen

A microorganism that causes disease

Name four types of pathogens

• bacteria

• Fungi

• Protists

• Viruses

How can pathogens spread

• air

• Water

• Direct contact

How do bacteria make you ill

Produce toxins that damage tissues

How do viruses make you ill

• reproduce rapidly inside cells

• Damaging or destroying cells

Name three viral diseases

• measles

• HIV

• Tobacco mosaic virus

Name two bacterial diseases

• salmonella

• Gonorrhoea

Name one fungal disease

Rose black spot

Describe an example of a protist disease

Malaria - caused by a protist pathogen that is spread from person to person by mosquito bites and causes recurrent fevers

Name four ways of controlling the spread of communicable diseases

• good hygiene

• Isolating infected individuals

• Controlling vectors

• Vaccination

What does a vaccine contain

Small quantities of a dead or inactive pathogen

How does vaccination protect against a specific pathogen

Vaccination simulates the body to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen - if the same pathogen re enters the body white blood cells rapidly produce correct antibodies

What is herd immunity

When most of the population is vaccinated against disease meaning it is less likely to spread