Med Terms Chapter 5

Cardiovascular System

Maintains the distribution of blood throughout the body and is comprised of the heart, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries, and veins. Also called the circulatory system

What are the three layers of the heart?

Endocardium

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

The inner layer of the heart lining of the heart chambers

Myocardium

Thick, muscular middle layer of the heart

Epicardium

The outer layer of the layer

How is the heart divided?

Two atria and two ventricles

Atria

The receiving chambers of the heart

Ventricle

The pumping chambers

What are the four valves of the heart?

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary valve

Mitral valve

Aortic valve

Distole

The period of time a chamber is relaxed

Systole

The contraction phase

Sinoatrial node

Area of right atria that initiates electrical pulse that causes heart to contract. Also called the Pacemaker,

Electrocardiogram

Is a measurement of electrical activity of the heart. Known as an EKG,

Apex

The pointed tip of the heart

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

Lumen

The channel within these vessels through which blood flows

What are the two large veins that enter the heart?

Superior and Inferior vena cava

Superior vena cava

Brings blood from the upper body

Inferior vena cava

Brings blood from the lower body

Where does the impulse of the heartbeat originate?

Sinoatrial node

What circulation carries blood to and from the lungs?

Articulation circulation

Blood pressure

Is a measurement of the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel.

Systolic pressure

Maximum pressure within blood vessels during heart contraction

Diastolic pressure

Lower pressure within blood vessels during relaxation phase of heartbeat

Cardiology

Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of cardiovascular system

Angitis

Inflammation of the vessel

Embolus

Obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that breaks off from thrombus somewhere else in body and travels through blood vessels until it becomes stuck in a narrow vessel

Infarct

Tissue death, aka necrosis

Thrombus

Blood clot forming within blood vessel

Murmur

A sound, in addition to normal heart sounds, arising from blood flow through heart

Palpitations

Pounding, racing heartbeat

Angina pectoris

Chest pain

Cardiac arrest

Complete stopping of the heart

Cardiomegaly

Enlarged heart

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the heart muscle

Congestive heart failure

Myocardium has become toon weak to efficiently pump

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat

Bradycardia

Slow heartbeat

Tachycardia

Fast heartbeat

Aneurysm

Weakness in wall of artery

Hemorrhoid

Varicose veins in the anal region

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Hypotension

Low blood pressure

Phlebitis

Inflammation of veins

Auscultation

Process of listening to sounds within body by using stethoscope

Stethoscope

Instrument for listening to body sounds

Which arteries carries blood to the heart?

Coronary arteries

What divides the right and left sides of the heart?

The septum

Aorta

Largest artery of the body

Pulmonary vein

Large veins that return oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

Pulmonary artery

Large artery that carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lung