BIOL212 UNIT 3 LECTURE EXAM DAY 1 STUDY CARDS

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord; acts as the main integration and control center.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Cranial and spinal nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body.

Sensory (Afferent) Division

PNS fibers carrying impulses toward the CNS from receptors. (Hint: A-fferent arrives).

Motor (Efferent) Division

PNS fibers carrying impulses away from the CNS to effectors. (Hint: E-fferent exits).

Astrocytes

Star-shaped CNS cells that anchor neurons, form the blood-brain barrier, and guide neural development.

Microglial Cells

CNS immune cells that monitor neuronal health and phagocytize debris

Ependymal Cells

Ciliated CNS cells that line fluid cavities and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Oligodendrocytes

CNS cells that form myelin sheaths across multiple axons

Schwann Cells

PNS cells that form myelin on single axon segments and help nerve regeneration; functionally identical to oligodendrocytes.

Satellite Cells

PNS cells surrounding neuron cell bodies to regulate the chemical environment; functionally identical to astrocytes.