Module 2 - Nursing History

Why do we study nursing history?

1) Builds context

2) Explains the future

3) Provides a way to look forward

What context does nursing history build?

It helps us understand how the profession transformed in relation to gender, practice and healthcare reform.

What does history help explain about nursing?

Issues, trends and patterns.

What does history reveal about nursing's impact?

How nursing has impacted patient care, health promotion and health policy.

[Indigenous] Who was here before settlers?

Indigenous people.

Who provided early health services to Indigenous people and early settlers?

Indigenous women.

Why keep Indigenous-led health care?

Benefits to regaining traditional cultural ways of life.

[Indigenous] What was recognized in 2020?

Indigenous-led health partnerships in Canada.

[Indigenous] What recognized Indigenous-led partnerships?

The Truth and Reconciliation process.

Who was Charlotte Edith Anderson Monture?

A Mohawk World War I veteran.

[Edith Monture] What was her nursing 'first'?

First Indigenous-Canadian woman to become a registered nurse.

[Edith Monture] What right did she gain?

The right to vote in a Canadian federal election.

Jean Cuthand Goodwill

A nurse and founder; involved in the recruitment of Indigenous people into nursing.

[Jean Cuthand Goodwill] What did she found?

Registered Nurses of Canadian Indian Ancestry (RNCIA).

[Jean Cuthand Goodwill] What was the RNCIA's purpose?

To help Indigenous nurses gain position, self-advocacy and Indigenous representation.

[Jean Cuthand Goodwill] her role

• Head nurse at the health nursing station at La Ronge

• the first Indigenous nurse to hold this position in northern Saskatchewan.

[First Nurses] Who were the original care givers?

Men.

[First Nurses] Who came next as care givers?

Jesuit priests, who were trying to bring Christianity to New France (Canada).

[First Nurses] Who was Marie Rollet Hebert?

The first lay woman to provide care.

[First Nurses] What happened in 1639?

The beginning of nursing care in Canada.

[Jeanne Mance] Her nickname

"Angel of the Colony."

[Jeanne Mance] What did she found?

Hotel-Dieu-Hostel of God-Montreal.

[Jeanne Mance] Who did she care for?

Settlers and Indigenous people.

[Jeanne Mance] Why is she hailed as important to Montreal?

She is hailed as the founder of Montreal.

[d'Youville] Who was Marguerite d'Youville?

Nurse leader who formed the first visiting nurses in Canada.

[d'Youville] What was her group called?

The Canadian nuns, Sisters of Charity.

[d'Youville] What was their nickname?

The grey nuns / "les soeurs grises."

[d'Youville] What type of care did they provide?

Homecare.

[Nightingale] Her famous nickname

"The lady with the lamp."

[Nightingale] Legacy 1: political awareness

She raised awareness of the state of military hospitals and the care provided to soldiers.

[Nightingale] Legacy 2: research

She researched hospital architecture and death rates.

[Nightingale] Legacy 3: education

Established one of the first nursing schools; believed nurses should educate nurses.

[Nightingale] Legacy 4: practice

Pioneer of basic nursing practices such as hygiene and fresh air.

[Nightingale] What did she believe in

renewed competence

[Isabel Stewart] What did she believe about nurse educators?

They should be prepared for the future of nursing.

[Isabel Stewart] What did she believe about the past?

Recognizing the past helps lead the future of nursing.

[Margaret Sanger] What did she become?

A nurse and an activist.

[Margaret Sanger] What did she see as a nurse?

Many women dying from childbirth and self-induced abortion.

[Margaret Sanger] What did she believe?

That birth control is a human right.

[Margaret Sanger] What did she open?

The first birth control clinic.

First diploma school in Canada

St. Catharines Training School.

What were early nurses taught about physicians?

To report 'faithfully' to the physician.

Who was Mary Agnes Snively?

Superintendent of the school for nurses in Toronto.

Where did early nursing education take place?

In hospital-run schools across Canada.

What were early nursing schools like?

Strict, similar to the military.

Winnipeg General Hospital (1872)

The first western Canadian hospital.

Who founded St. Boniface school of nursing

the grey nuns

[Weir Report 1932] What did the CNA publish in 1936?

A 'proposed nursing curriculum' for nursing schools in Canada.

[Hall Report 1965] What change did it push for?

Move nursing education out of the hospital.

What is VON

Victorian Order of Nursing

[VON] Who saw the need for it?

Lady Aberdeen.

[VON] What need did she see?

Home nursing, particularly in rural areas.

[VON] What did the VON educate people about?

Hygiene, sanitation, infant care and first aid.

Where have nurses served around the world?

On the front lines of wars and disease outbreaks.

What were WWI nurses called?

Bluebirds.

Where did WWI nurses work?

Casualty clearing stations, ambulance trains, field hospitals, and hospitals in Canada.

What did soldiers call nurses?

'Sisters of mercy' or 'angels of mercy.'

Who was nursing historically seen as suitable for?

Young, unmarried, white, Christian women.

What did the white cap signify?

Accomplishment, professionalism and respect.

What did caps come to represent in the era of feminism?

Oppression and not power.

What was the colour white associated with?

The Victorian era's feminine virginity and purity.

[Who Am I?] First lay woman to provide care

Marie Rollet Hebert.

[Who Am I?] 'Angel of the Colony'

Jeanne Mance.

[Who Am I?] Formed the first visiting nurses in Canada (1737)

Marguerite d'Youville.

[Who Am I?] 'Lady with the lamp'

Florence Nightingale.

[Who Am I?] First Indigenous-Canadian registered nurse

Charlotte Edith Anderson Monture.

[Who Am I?] Founded the RNCIA

Jean Cuthand Goodwill.

[Who Am I?] Saw the need for home nursing in rural areas (VON)

Lady Aberdeen.

[Who Am I?] Superintendent of the school for nurses in Toronto

Mary Agnes Snively.

[Who Am I?] Authored A Pilot Project for Evaluation of Schools of Nursing

Helen Mussallem.

[Who Am I?] Believed nurse educators should be prepared for the future

Isabel Maitland Stewart.

[Who Am I?] Opened the first BC clinic

Margaret Sanger.