Amend

What does the 1st Amendment protect?

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

What does the 2nd Amendment protect?

Right to bear arms (gun ownership).

What does the 4th Amendment protect?

No unreasonable searches and seizures; requires warrants with probable cause.

Key rights in the 5th Amendment?

Due process, no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination, eminent domain (just compensation).

What rights are in the 6th Amendment?

Right to speedy & public trial, impartial jury, lawyer, know charges, confront witnesses.

What does the 8th Amendment prohibit?

Cruel and unusual punishment; excessive bail and fines.

What does the 9th Amendment say?

People have rights not specifically listed in the Constitution.

What is the 10th Amendment?

Powers not given to federal government go to states (federalism).

What did the 12th Amendment change?

Separate ballots for president and vice president.

What did the 13th Amendment do?

Abolished slavery.

Key ideas of the 14th Amendment?

Citizenship, due process, equal protection (used for incorporation).

What does the 15th Amendment guarantee?

Voting rights regardless of race.

What did the 16th Amendment allow?

Federal income tax.

What changed with the 17th Amendment?

Direct election of senators.

What did the 18th and 21st Amendments do?

18th = Prohibition of alcohol; 21st = Repealed Prohibition.

What does the 19th Amendment guarantee?

Women’s right to vote.

What did the 20th Amendment change?

Moved inauguration dates (shortened lame duck period).

What does the 22nd Amendment limit?

President limited to 2 terms.

What did the 23rd Amendment do?

Washington, D.C. gets electoral votes.

What does the 24th Amendment ban?

Poll taxes in federal elections.

What is the 25th Amendment about?

Presidential succession & disability.

What does the 26th Amendment say?

Voting age lowered to 18.