Neuro Lecture 21-Speech and Language

language is _____ and ____

lateralized (on one side of the brain) and localized (in a particular area)

language is primarily in the

left frontal and temporal association cortices

language is primarily in which hemisphere?

left

role of the right hemisphere

prosody ("coloring" of speech)
-rhythm, timing, emphasis, volume, tonal (emotion and grammatical emphasis)

Aphasia

-affects person's ability to process language, but does not process intelligence
-caused by stroke, TBI, etc.
-more common than Parkinson's, etc.

Broca's area is located in the

left frontal lobe (Brodmann areas 44,45) (near the motor cortex, motor=making speech!)

Broca's aphasia

-motor, "expressive" aphasia
-disruption of language production and organization
-can't write, speak, or sign
-Understand speech
-aware of problem

Broca's area is important for

speaking speech

wernicke's area is important for

understanding/receiving speech

where is wernicke's area located

-rear left temporal lobe (brodmann 22)

wernicke's aphasia

-sensory/receptive aphasia
-language produced, but it makes no sense
-patients unaware of issue
-most likely cannot read

spoken word goes to ___, then ____, then you can comprehend the word heard

A1 (primary auditory cortex), Wernicke's area (hear word, then see picture of word)

conduction aphasia is damage to what fibers

arcuate fasiculus: links Wernicke's and Broca's areas
(connects frontal lobe with temporal/parietal lobes)

conduction aphasia patients

-problems producing appropriate responses, even though they understand language
-poor speech repetition
-lose train of thought, lack of communication between Wernicke's (sound/meaning) and Broca's (motor commands)

thought goes to _____, then to _____ for motor program for speaking words, then to facial area of motor cortex, which goes to ____, to finally speak

wernicke's, broca's, cranial nerves

T/F the optic chiasm is preserved in split brain patients

T

left brain can see the right visual field, so what does the patient do

patient can match the word

if word is in the left visual field, what does the patient do?

patient can use right side of the brain to match word with picture, and can tell left arm to draw