Unit 15 Formatives

HTHS 2111

What is true of lymphatic capillaries?

Endothelial cells loosely overlap creating a permeable membrane

Select the correct pathway of lymphatic flow

Lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, Lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts

The left lymphatic duct or thoracic duct drains lymph from the

left arm, head, and chest and lower body

The lymphatic system carries large …. which get dumped into the venous system.

Chylomicrons

….. cells sample lymph and present foreign substances to ….. cells

Dendritic, B cells

The red pulp of the spleen:

Destroys old red blood cells

Which cells develop in the thymus?

T cells

Steps of hemostasis in order

vascular spasm, platelet plug, coagulation cascade

Fibrin circulates freely through the blood T or F

False

What activates the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade?

substances associated with the vessel wall

What activates the extrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade?

tissue thromboplastin released from damaged tissue

The intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways merge at the common pathway. List the steps of the common pathway in order

Factor X or prothrombinase is activated, prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin, thrombin converts fibrinogen

Cofactors that are important for clotting to occur

Calcium, Vitamin K

Clotting factors are amplified through the coagulation cascade. This is an example of:

positive feedback

….. is the process of breaking down a clot. In this process …. is converted to ….. which digests ……

Fibrinolysis, plasminogen, plasmin, fibrin

Primary Lymphatic organs

Bone marrow and thymus

Secondary lymphatic organs

Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules

Locations where stem cells divide to produce immune cells

Bone marrow and thymus

Provide a place for naive lymphocytes to encounter foreign antigen and be activated

Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules

Site of B lymphocyte maturation

Bone marrow

Site of T lymphocyte maturation

Thymus

Which of the following are true of lymph nodes?

Checkpoint for foreign pathogens, contain immune cells including b-cells, t-cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages

Select regions of the body where lymph nodes are prominently grouped together

Axillary, Cervical, Inguinal, Submandibular

What type of cell creates antibodies?

B cells

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

chicken pox

What is the job of macrophages?

Eat invaders or damaged cells

How do natural killer cells identify their targets?

Abnormal or missing cell surface proteins

Which cells can act as antigen-presenting cells?

Dendritic cells and macrophages

Which cell is responsible for humoral (or antibody-mediated) immunity?

B lymphocytes

Why do T cytotoxic cells kill human cells?

The “victim” is hopelessly infected and cannot survive

B cells create molecules called …… which bind to antigens

antibodies

Process of making formed elements in the blood

hematopoiesis

Gives rise to all other cells

pluripotent (hematopoietic) stem cell

Two cell linages that arise from a pluripotent stem cell

Myeloid and lymphoid

Site of hematopoiesis

Spongy red bone marrow

Site of myeloid cell maturation

Bone marrow`

Site of lymphoid cell maturation

Lymphatic tissue

Immature form of cells

Blasts

Mature form of cells

Cytes

Platelets are small fragments of this cell

Megakaryocyte

Cells that are derived from the myeloid line

Basophil

Eosinophil

Erythrocyte

Monocyte

Neutrophil

Platelets

Cells derived from lymphoid line

B lymphocyte, Natural killer cell, T lymphocyte

Erythropoiesis, the production and maturation of red blood cells, is part of hematopoiesis. What happens to a red blood cell as it matures?

Cell becomes smaller, increases hemoglobin, Loses its nucleus

What blood type would have antigens on the red blood cells but no antibodies in the plasma?

AB

The CD glycoprotein that is found on T helper cells is

CD markers

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cell surface markers were first discovered due to the failure of which medical procedure?

MHC Class I molecules interact with the T cell receptor (TCR) and the cell surface marker

MHC markers

inflammation is part of the … immune system

innate

Macrophages and dendritic cells are also called

antigen presenting cells

Langerhans cells are found in

epidermis

pyrogens function

to induce fever

where do mast cells release histamine

in the tissues

According to this image, which can bind to MHC class I molecules?

antigen, CD8, TCR

Which type of T cell can bind to cells that carry MHC class I markers on their surface?

 

T cytotoxic

According to this image, which can bind to MHC class II molecules?

CD4, TCR (CD3, “half-antibody”), antigen

Which type of T cell can bind to cells that carry MHC class II markers on their surface?

 

T helper