Chapter 9 - Urinary System TERMINOLOGY

anuria

suppression of urine formed by kidneys and complete lack of urine excretion

diuresis

increased formation and excretion of urine; producing an unusually large volume of urine

enuresis

involuntary discharge of urine

pyuria

pus in the urine; indicates infection

oliguria

producing too little urine

proteinuria

protein in the urine, common in patients with diabetes

pyuria

presence of pus in the urine

glycosuria

sugar in the urine, also common in patients with diabetes

hematuria

presence of blood in the urine

nocturia

having to urinate frequently during the right

renal calculi

kidney stones

hemodialysis

artificial kidney machine used for patients whose kidneys are non-functioning

urology

branch of medicine diagnosing and treatment of the urinary system

azotemia

accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream occurring when one or both kidneys fail to to filter these wastes

calculus

stone formed within an organ by accumulation of mineral salts

cystalgia

bladder pain

cystorrhagia

abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder

frequency

greater than normal occurrence in urge to urinate, indicates inflammation of urethra or bladder

hesitancy

decrease in force of urine stream, hard to start flow, often a symptom of blockage along urethra

nephrolith

kidney stone

nephromalacia

kidney is abnormally soft

renal colic

pain caused by kidney stones

stricture

narrowing of passageway in urinary system

ureterectasis

ureter is stretched out or dilated

ureterostenosis

ureter has become narrow

urethralgia

urethral pain

ureterorrhagia

abnormal bleeding from the urethra

urgency

feeling need to urinate immediately

urinary incontinence

involuntary release of urine

urinary retention

inability to fully empty bladder; often indicates a blockage in the urethra

acute tubular necrosis

abnormal condition causing damage to and potential death of the renal tubes due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia , results in oliguria

diabetic nephropathy

kidney disease due to accumulation of damage to glomerular capillaries due to chronic high blood sugar from diabetes

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomerular membrane; causes it to be more permeable resulting in protein in urine and hematuria

hydronephrosis

abnormal condition of enlarged renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney; often is a result of obstruction in ureter

nephrolithiasis

calculi present in kidney, usually starts with solidification of salts in urine

nephroma

kidney tumor

nephroptosis

drooping of the kidney, commonly called a floating kidney

nephrotic syndrome

damage to glomerulus resulting in protein in urine (proteinuria), decrease in protein in bloodstream, also called nephrosis

polycystic kidneys

formation of many cysts within kidney tissue

pyelitis

renal pelvis inflammation

renal cell carcinoma

cancerous tumor arising from kidney tubule cells

renal failure

inability of kidneys to filter waste from blood, resulting in uremia

Wilm’s tumor

malignant kidney tumor found most often in children, also called nephroblastoma

cystocele

protrusion/herniation of the urinary bladder into the wall of vagina

neurogenic bladder

loss of nervous control that produces retention of urine, can be caused by spinal cord injury or MS

urinary tract infection

UTI, infection of any organ within urinary system

blood urea nitrogen

blood test to evaluate kidney function by level of nitrogenous waste in blood

clean catch specimen

urine test after cleaning urinary opening, sample obtained by catching urine midstream

creatinine clearance

test to evaluate kidney function, measures levels of creatinine, a waste product of muscle metabolism

urinometer

instrument to measure specific gravity of urine; part of urinalysis

kidneys, urea, bladder

x ray taken of the abdomen with kidneys, ureters, and bladder, also called flat-plate abdomen

nephrogram

record of kidney after dye is injected into a vein, visualize the kidney as it filters the due out of the bloodstream

retrograde pyelography

process of recording renal pelvis, ureters and urinary bladder after dye is inserted by catheter through the urethra

voiding cystourethrography

process of recording urinary bladder after contrast dye is placed into the bladder, x-ray traces path of urine as the patient voids

cystoscope

instrument to visually examine the urinary bladder

catheterization

inserting tube through urethra into the urinary bladder for withdrawing urine or inserting dye

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

using ultrasound waves from outside the body to crush stones

hemodialysis

using artificial kidney machine to filter waste from blood

peritoneal dialysis

removing toxic waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into peritoneal cavity, waste is filtered out of blood across peritoneum

cystopexy

surgical fixation of the urinary bladder, corrects cystocele

cystostomy

surgical creation of opening into the urinary bladder through the abdominal wall

lithotripsy

destroying a stone in urinary system by crushing or sound waves

meatotomy

cutting into the meatus in order to enlarge opening of urethra

nephrotomy

cutting into the kidney

antibiotic

treats bacterial infections of the urinary tract

antispasmodic

prevents or reduces bladder muscle spasms

diuretic

increases volume of urine produced by the kidneys