SDG MIDTERM

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

__ is drawing growing academic interest in research focusing on multinational enterprises (MNEs) (Rodriguez et al. 2006).

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

this means something, but not always the same thing, to everybody

Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships

Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multi-__ partnerships.
Encourage and promote effective public, public-private, and civil society partnerships.

Corporate Social Responsibility

The European Commission states that “to fully meet their ___ enterprises should have in place a process to integrate social, environmental, ethical, human rights and consumer concerns into their business operations and core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders”

Stakeholder theory

Recent definitions of CSR have been influenced by___ (Freeman 1984) which suggests that companies have a responsibility to try to satisfy the expectations of a varied group of stakeholders, and that it is worthwhile for them to do so.

Stakeholder

From CSR viewpoints, __ of a firm are conceptualized as individuals or groups which are either affected by or benefit from the firm, or whose rights can be violated, or have to be respected by the firm (Crane and Matten 2004).

Withholding Strategy

that is, by inhibiting the movement of resources to the firm.

TRUE

Freeman (1984) argued that managers must address the needs of stakeholders who could influence the business’s performance.

Stakeholders

are perceived to be the leading forces in MNEs’ CSR due to the stakeholders’ legitimacy, power and urgency (Yang and Rivers 2009).

Stakeholder theory

suggests that a stakeholder can influence a company’s CSR focus and attitude by adopting (i) a withholding strategy, that is, by inhibiting the movement of resources to the firm; and (ii) a usage strategy, that is, by restricting the way in which the firm can consume the resources.

TRUE

Thus, stakeholders may influence and shape a company’s CSR by controlling the resource flow directly and by taking action against a selected firm indirectly.

stakeholders

Meaningful engagement of local __ is an effective means for developing a comprehensive understanding of the local issues as well as potential avenues to address the local problems (Reed 2008)—hence the quality and durability of decision (Reed et al. 2008, Fischer 2000).

Usage strategy

that is, by restricting the way in which the firm can consume the resources.

partnerships

Accordingly, a large number of MNEs have initiated, supported and implemented various CSR programmes in developing countries; extended their support to global initiatives; and built __ with established multilateral and bilateral development agencies in tackling issues including poverty, governance and human rights.

Partnerships

Sustainable Development Goal 17 (SDG 17) is about __ for the Goals.

TRUE

Sustainable Development Goal 17 focuses on strengthening the means of implementation and revitalizing global partnerships for sustainable development.

Partnerships for the Goals

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

human rights

Accordingly, a large number of MNEs have initiated, supported and implemented various CSR programmes in developing countries; extended their support to global initiatives; and built partnerships with established multilateral and bilateral development agencies in tackling issues including poverty, governance and __.

human rights

The European Commission (2011, p. 6), for example, states that “to fully meet their corporate social responsibility, enterprises should have in place a process to integrate social, environmental, ethical, ___ and consumer concerns into their business operations and core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders.”

non-government organizations (NGOs)

The powerful stakeholder groups that have considerable influence on CSR practices include government institutions, the community in which the business operates, ___, industry bodies, consumers, shareholders, employees and the parent firms (Yang and Rivers 2009).

Carroll (1979, 1991)

conception of CSR has perhaps been the most frequently cited and describes CSR in terms of a hierarchy commencing with economic responsibilities followed by legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities.

Yang and Rivers 2009

described this position with the following comment, “CSR means something, but not always the same thing, to everybody”.

Yang and Rivers 2009

Stakeholders are perceived to be the leading forces in MNEs’ CSR due to the stakeholders’ legitimacy, power and urgency.

Yang and Rivers 2009

The powerful stakeholder groups that have considerable influence on CSR practices include government institutions, the community in which the business operates, non- government organizations (NGOs), industry bodies, consumers, shareholders, employees and the parent firms.

SDG 4 — Quality Education

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

SDG 15 — Life on Land

Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

SDG 12 — Responsible Consumption and Production

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

SDG 16 — Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels.

SDG 8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth

Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all.

SDG 11 — Sustainable Cities and Communities

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.