Glycosides, Aglycones, and Deoxy Sugars Flashcards

Vocabulary based flashcards covering the formation of glycosides, types of glycosidic bonds, aglycone examples, medicinal applications, and deoxy sugar definitions.

Glycosides

Compounds formed by condensation between the hydroxyl group of the anomeric carbon of a monosaccharide and a second compound that may be another monosaccharide or an aglycone.

Aglycone

The second group in a glycoside that is not a sugar, such as methanol, glycerol, a sterol, a phenol, or a base like adenine.

O-glycosidic bond

An acetal link that results from a reaction between a hemiacetal group (formed from an aldehyde and an $-OH$ group) and another $-OH$ group.

Glucoside

A glycoside in which the hemiacetal portion of the compound is glucose.

Galactoside

A glycoside in which the hemiacetal portion of the compound is galactose.

N-glycosidic bond

A bond formed when the second group in a glycoside is an amine, such as between adenine and ribose in nucleotides like ATP.

Cardiac glycosides

Medicinally important glycosides containing steroids as the aglycone that act on the heart, including derivatives of digitalis and strophanthus.

Ouabain

A cardiac glycoside derivative of strophanthus that acts as an inhibitor of the $Na^+-K^+ ext{-ATPase}$ of cell membranes.

Streptomycin

An antibiotic that is a type of glycoside.

Deoxy sugars

Sugars in which one hydroxyl group has been replaced by hydrogen, such as deoxyribose in DNA.

$$L ext{-fucose}$$

A deoxy sugar that occurs in glycoproteins.

$\alpha ext{-D-Glucuronate}$ and $\beta ext{-L-iduronate}$

Two sugar structures represented in Figure 15-8 of the text notes.