Peds Exam 2 Outline

what is the most commonly diagnosed neurobehavioural disorders of childhood

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

define ADHD

Developmentally inappropriate inattention and impulsivity with or without hyperactivity

ADHD occurs in approximately ?% of school-aged children

5-10%

ADHD is more than twice as common in ?

boys (more common in boys than girls)

ADHD is often associated with ?

learning disabilities

The strongest evidence suggests ? is the most convincing cause of ADHD

genetics

T/F: Food dyes, preservatives, and salicylates have been proven to cause ADHD

False; Food dyes, preservatives, and salicylates have NOT been proven to cause ADHD

T/F: food coloring causes ADHD

false

T/F: every child with ADHD has hyperactivity

false

T/F: ADHD only occurs in boys

false

what are the 3 behaviours associated with ADHD

inattention

impulsiveness

hyperactivity

? behaviour is described as:

- easily distracted

-forgetful

-difficulty following instructions

jumps from task to task

inattention

? behaviour is described as:

-acts before thinking

-interrupts others

-short temper

impulsivness

? behaviour is described as:

-restless

-constant fidgeting

-squirming

hyperactivity

list 6 other additional behaviours associated with ADHD

poor coordination

disorganization

variability mood swings

social clumsiness; acts silly in a crowd

learning disabilities

instatiability

memory trick for ADHD behaviours

IHOP

what does IHOP stand for

inattention

hyperactivity

overactivity

poor impulse control

ADHD diagnostic criteria

Symptoms before 7 years old

Symptoms present for at least 6 months

Symptoms occur in more than one setting

Types of ADHD ?

Predominantly Inattentive

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive

Combined Type

what behaviour disorders are not considered ADHD

ADD

Hyperactive only

Mixed inattentive disorder

what causes scarlet fever

Group A Streptococcus (same bacteria that causes strep throat)

scarlet fever age

2-8

how does scarlet fever begin

Fever

Sore throat

Headache

Nausea

Vomiting

what does scarlet fever develop into

Pink-red rash

Strawberry tongue

Swollen neck glands

Red lines in skin folds

how long does the rash in scarlet fever last

4-5 days

possible complications of scarlet fever

Rheumatic fever

Kidney disease

treatment of scarlet fever

antibiotics

T/F: scarlet fever is caused by a virus

false

T/F: in scarlet fever, a rash appears quickly, before a sore throat

false

T/F: in scarlet fever, a strawberry tongue is common

true

what causes chicken pox

Varicella-zoster virus

T/F: chicken pox is highly contagious

true

incubation period for chicken pox

12-16 days

in chicken pox: the virus is ineffective to others for ? days before the first lesions appear, and until lesion have ?

2 days

encrusted

what is the prodome period for chicken pox

1 day

the prodrome stage in chicken pox involves what symptoms?

fever

anorexia

headache

chicken pox: lesions begin in ?

macular form

T/F: lesions appear slow and steady in chicken pox

false: they appear quick

chicken pox: lesions progress to ?

papular form

chicken pox: papular lesions become ?

vesicular

lesions encrust when they become ?

vesicular

chicken pox: skin lesions are most populated where on the body

trunk, not the extremities

what is another name for the vesicular rash in chicken pox

dew drop rash

list the order from first to last for the progression of the chicken pox rash

Macule → Papule → Vesicle → Crust

what causes mumps

mumps virus; paramyxovirus

m/c age for mumps

5-9

mumps is most severe in which demographic?

older children

how is mumps transmitted

respiratory

incubation period for mumps

18 days

how does the mumps virus replicate

Virus replicates in nasopharyngeal mucosa and lymph nodes

what is the most common non-salivary manifestation

Epididymo-orchitis

classic finding of mumps

Parotid gland swelling

other symptoms of mumps

Fever

Headache

Ear pain

Pain with chewing

Malaise

complications of mumps

Orchitis

Meningioencephalitis

Hearing loss

CNS involvement

what causes bacterial meningitis in newborns (3)

Group B Strep

E. coli

Listeria

what causes bacterial meningitis in children (3)

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria meningitidis

Haemophilus influenzae type b

what causes bacterial meningitis in adolescents (2)

Neisseria meningitidis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

first symptoms of bacterial meningitis (7)

Sudden onset fever

Headache

Stiff neck

Nausea

Vomiting

Photophobia

Confusion

later symptoms of bacterial meningitis

seizures

coma

how is bacterial meningitis transmitted

respiratory and throat secretions

T/F: bacterial meningitis is a not casual contact disease

true

list the classic triad of bacterial meningitis

fever

neck stiffness

headache

leading cause of heart disease in US children

Kawasaki Disease

another name for Kawasaki Disease

mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome

what causes mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

most common injury in swimming

shoulder injuries

what typically happens after a growth plate fracture

most heal completely without long term problems

common locations of growth plate fx

wrist

forearm

knee

ankle

foot

hip

what causes growth plate fx

falls

direct trauma

overuse

examples of those who get growth plate fx

gymnasts

baseball players

long distance runners

lasting problems of growth plate fx are most common with ?

knee injuries

T/F: Growth plate fractures usually Heal completely

false; they usually require surgery

most common diagnosis in children's sports injuries

sprains and strains

? sprains and ? strains

ligament, muscle

Which viral gastroenteritis has more diarrhea than vomiting

rotavirus

Gastroenteritis symptoms in infants

· Frequent vomiting

· Dry diaper for 6 hours (decreased urination)

· Bloody stools or severe diarrhea

· Dry mouth

· No tears when crying

· Sunken anterior fontanel

· Sleepiness, drowsiness, or being difficult to wake

T/F: Gastroenteritis causes wet diapers in infants

false; dry diaper

T/F: Gastroenteritis causes increased urination in infants

false; decreased

T/F: Gastroenteritis causes increased or normal tears

false; no tears when crying

T/F: Gastroenteritis causes a bulging frontanel

false; suken

T/F: Gastroenteritis causes increased energy

false

ringworm is aka ?

tinea corporis

what causes ringworm

fungus

T/F: ringworm is a worm

false; not a worm

characteristics of ringworm

Red

Circular

Raised border

Central clearing

May itch

is there a worm present with ringworm

no

transmission of ring worm

human-human

animal-human

objects-human

tx of ringworm

topical antifungal

tx severe ringworm

oral antifungal medication

pinworm is aka?

Enterobiasis

Most Common Cause of Gastroenteritis in the U.S.

viruses, especially norovirus

Most common complication of severe gastroenteritis in children

dehydration

sx of infantile jaundice

Yellow skin

Yellow sclera

Sleepiness

Poor feeding

causes of infantile jaundice

Physiologic breakdown of fetal red blood cells

Immature liver unable to conjugate bilirubin efficiently

infantile jaundice is a defect in ?

congenital rubella

cause of measles (rubeloa)

virus, myxovirus group

how many stages of measles are there

3

stage 1 measles ?

incubation

what happens in the incubation period (Stage 1) of measles

infectious 9-10 days after exposure

what happens in the incubation period (Stage 2) of measles

fever

coryza

conjunctivitis

barking cough