California History, Migration, and Political Power Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering Native American history in California, Ishi, NAGPRA, migration terminology, Chinese American history, and political power structures.

Repatriate

To return someone or something to their homeland or country of origin.

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)

A act passed in response to Native American political activism that allowed Native Americans to receive objects and remains belonging to them from museums.

Postapocalyptic Stress Syndrome (PASS)

Experiences of trauma-related stress resulting from direct experiences of loss of culture, livelihood, and agency.

Genocide

The systematic killing of an entire ethnic community.

Californios

People of mixed Spanish, Indian, and African descent in California.

Mestizo

A mixed-race society, specifically referring to a person of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry.

Castas system

A social ranking system in colonial Mexico comprising 16 different categories of people based on intermarriages between Spanish, Indian, and African individuals.

Diseños

Hand-drawn maps created during the Californio/Rancho era.

Fandango

Festive parties hosted as part of Rancho culture in California.

Vaqueros

Cowboys who processed all parts of animals to support large populations during the Rancho era.

Manifest Destiny

The belief in a God-given right to expand westward, which contributed to the U.S. taking California from Mexico following the Mexican-American War.

Circulation

Short-term, repetitive movement of a person, such as daily trips between home, work, school, and shopping.

Migration

A permanent move to a new location.

Immigration

Movement into a location.

Emigration

Movement away from or exiting a location.

Push Factors

Conditions or events that cause people to leave a region, including economic issues, drought, job loss, slavery, or ethnic persecution.

Pull Factors

Factors that attract people to a new region, such as economic opportunities or cultural aspects.

Voluntary Migration

When individuals choose to relocate to a new location on their own accord.

Transnational Migration

Migration from one country to another, where individuals usually retain strong cultural connections to their country of origin.

Internal Migration

Travel or movement within a country's national borders.

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location based on recommendations or existing networks of people they know who previously moved there.

Guest Worker

Migrants who travel internationally on a temporary basis to find work.

Involuntary Migration (Forced)

Relocation driven by fears for survival, violence, war, environmental disasters, or persecution.

Refugee

Someone who is forced to flee their home country because of persecution, war, or violence.

Internally Displaced Person

Someone forced to flee their home due to conflict or disaster who remains within their country's borders without crossing an international boundary.

Asylum Seekers

Individuals who flee their home country and seek legal sanctuary and refugee status in a different country.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

The first major U.S. law restricting immigration, which barred Chinese laborers from entering the country and led to a decline in the Chinese American population.

Double Happiness

A Chinese concept referring to two fortuitous events that bring happiness to a family.

Discrimination

The act or instance of unfairly treating a person or group based on specific characteristics such as race, class, religion, gender, or sexual orientation.

Alien Land Law (1913)

discriminatory law that prevented Chinese incapable of receiving citizenship from owning land in California

Racism

The belief that one race or ethnic group is inherently superior to another based on human traits and capacities.

Stereotypes

oversimplified beliefs about a certain group that can lead to unfair treatment and discrimintation

Prejudice

Holding an unfair opinion or irrational hostility against an individual, group, or race without knowing the facts.

Right of First Refusal (RFR)

A legal provision approved in Locke, California, that allowed prior Locke residents and their families to own homesteads rather than outside entities.

Territorial

Relating to the control and influence asserted over a specific geographic place.

Colonialism

The practice in which a nation or group takes control of foreign territory and settles it for political, economic, or cultural advantage.

Neocolonialism

A modern form of imperialism that asserts economic, political, and cultural influence over a less powerful country rather than direct territorial occupation.

Colony

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state.

Diaspora

The voluntary or forcible movement of people from their homelands into new regions.

Caste

A division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank or privilege, profession, occupation, or voice.

Indigeneity

The fact, state, or experience of being Indigenous.

Citizenship

The legal status and relationship between an individual and a state that entails specific legal rights and duties.

Civil Rights

Legal entitlements created by laws that ensure individuals equal treatment and protection.

Civil Liberties

Individual freedoms that are protected from government interference.

Naturalization

The legal process of becoming a citizen of a country different from the one where a person was born.

Institutional Discrimination

Discriminatory treatment embedded within societal structures that produces unequal outcomes for specific groups of people.

Jim Crow Laws

Systemic laws imposed after Reconstruction to enforce racial segregation and limit liberties for Black Americans.

De Jure Segregation

Racial segregation that is mandated and enforced by law.

De Facto Segregation

Racial segregation that occurs through social practices and conditions without formal legal requirement.

Democratization

The process by which a political system becomes more democratic, involving increased public participation and representation.

Suffrage

The legal right of voting.

Sovereignty

Supreme authority possessed by a governing body or individual that is unrestricted by law.

Federal Recognition

The formal acknowledgment by the U.S. government that an American Indian or Alaska Native tribe exists as a sovereign nation.

Humanize

To make someone or something more kind, gentle, understandable, or relatable to people.

Dehumanize

To strip a person or group of their human qualities, dignity, individuality, or self-respect, making them appear or feel less human.

Coloniality

An enduring set of power structures, racial hierarchies, and cultural biases stemming from historical Western colonization.