Lower Limb Muscles: Origin/insertion/action/innervation

Vastus Medialis

Origin: Linea aspera
Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity
Action: Extend leg
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Vastus lateralis

Origin: Linea aspera and greater trochanter
Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity
Action: Extend Leg
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Vastus Intermedius

Origin: Anterior and Lateral shaft of the femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity
Action: Extend leg
Innervation: Femoral Leg

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Origin: Iliac Crest, anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
Action: ABduct thigh, medially rotate thigh, and flex thigh
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia
Action: Extend thigh and flex leg
Innervation: Sciatic Nerve

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
Action: Extend thigh and flex leg
Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Sartorius

Origin: Anterior Superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial, Proximal of tibia
Action: Flex leg, laterally rotate thigh
Innervation: Femoral nerve

Rectus Femoris

Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity
Action: Extend leg 
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Psoas Major

Origin: Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 
Insertion: Lesser Trochanter (Iliopsoas)
Action: Flex thigh
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Piriformis

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Laterally rotate thigh
Innervation: S1-2 ventral rami

Pectineus

Origin: Superior pubic ramus
Insertion: Posterior femur just distal to lesser trochanter
Action: ADduct thigh and flex thigh
Innervation: Obturator Nerve

Iliacus

Origin: Iliac Fossa
Insertion: Lesser Trochanter (Iliopsoas)
Action: Flex thigh
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Gracilis

Origin: Body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia
Action: ADduct thigh, flex thigh, and flex leg
Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Gluteus Minimis

Origin: Lateral ilium (inferior to medius)
Insertion: Greater Trochanter
Action: ABduct thigh and medially rotate thigh
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius

Origin: Lateral ilium
Insertion: Greater Trochanter 
Action: ABduct thigh and medially rotate thigh
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Posterior ilium and sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament 
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
Action: ABduct thigh, extend thigh, and laterally rotate thigh
Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Posterior surface of medial and lateral epicondyles of femur
Insertion: Posterior Calcaneus
Action: Plantar flex foot and flex leg
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Biceps Femoris SHORT HEAD

Origin: Linea aspera
Insertion: Head of fibula
Action: Flex leg
Innervation: Sciatic Nerve

Biceps Femoris LONG HEAD

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
insertion: Head of fibula
Action: Extend thigh and flex leg
Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Adductor Magnus

Origin: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial tuberosity, ischial ramus
Insertion: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle
Action: ADduct thigh and extend thigh
Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Adductor longus

Origin: Body of pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera (distal to adductor brevis)
Action: ADduct thigh and flex thigh
Innervation: Obturator nerve

Adductor brevis

Origin: Body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Linea aspera (proximal to adductor longus)
Action: ADduct thigh and flex thigh
Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Plantaris

Origin: Posterior surface of femur proximal to lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Posterior Calcaneus
Action: Plantar Flex foot and flex leg
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Soleus

Origin: Posterior surface of proximal tibia and fibula
Insertion: Posterior Calcaneus 
Action: Plantar flex foot
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Flexor hallucis longus

Origin: Posterior surface of distal 2/3 fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx of hallux 
Action: Flex hallux, invert foot and plantar flex foot
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Flexor digitorum longus

Origin: Posterior surface of middle tibia
Insertion: Distal Phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: Flex digits 2-5, invert foot, and plantar flex foot
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Tibialis posterior

Origin: Posterior surface of proximal tibia, fibula, and interosseus membrane
Insertion: Navicular, cuneiforms, and metatarsals 2-4
Action: Invert foot and plantar flex foot
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Fibularis longus

Origin: Lateral surface and proximal fibula and head of fibula
Insertion: Metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform
Action: Evert foot and plantar flex foot
Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis brevis

Origin: Lateral surface of distal fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surface of metatarsal 5
Action: Evert foot and plantar flex foot
Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve

Tibialis anterior

Origin: Lateral surface of proximal tibia
Insertion: Metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform
Action: Invert foot and dorsiflex foot
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Extensor hallucis longus

Origin: Anterior surface of middle fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Distal phalanx of digit 1
Action: Extend digit and dorsiflex foot
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: Anterior surface of proximal fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action: Extend digits 2-5 and dorsiflex foot
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Fibularis tertius

Origin: Anterior surface of distal fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surface of metatarsal 5
Action: Evert foot and dorsiflex foot 
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Hip joint

Ball-and-socket joint

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation

Knee joint

Hinge joint
Flexion and extension ONLY

Ankle

Hinge; dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Subtalar (planar; inversion and eversion)

Extension of hip

Muscles crosses hip Posteriorly

Flexion of hip

muscle crosses hip anteriorly

Flexion of knee

Muscles crosses knee posteriorly

Extension of knee

muscles crosses knee anteriorly

ABduction of hip

Muscles crosses hip laterally

ADduction of hip

Muslces crosses hip medially

Medial rotation of hip

Muscle crosses hip anteriorly in an oblique and transverse direction

lateral rotation of hip

muscles crosses hip posteriorly in an oblique and transverse direction