U.S. History Test #1 - Reconstruction Era

Who were the candidates in the election of 1876?

Rutherford Hayes(R) vs. Samuel Tilden(D)

Who won the election of 1876? And what was the score?

Rutherford Hayes won 185-184

What was the dispute in the election?

20 electoral votes between Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. (Oregon)

What was the Compromise of 1877?

North remove troops from the south, north continued to support the south, and a democrat was appointed to the cabinet.

What was the Gilded Age?

Time in the late 1800’s when business & wealth became a focus over the problems in society.

What were the presidents after Grant like?

Mostly ineffective and support business

What were civil rights like post reconstruction?

Many new policies were not enforced after troops left the South

Who was Frederick Douglas?

abolitionist and formally enslaved person who wrote about & spoke about civil rights, women’s rights, etc.

Who was Ida B. Wells?

journalist & teacher who led an anti-lynching crusade and fought for rights of African Amerians.

Who was Homer Plessy?

1/8 black, arrested for sitting in wrong section of a train

What was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson?

Supreme Court said, “separate but equal” did not violate the 14th amendment

What was the argument of Plessy v. Ferguson?

argued his 14th amendment was violated & went to Supreme Court

Andrew Johnson served when?

1865-1869

What is Andrew Johnson’s background?

Vice President under lincoln, unedcuated, and a former slave owner

What was Andrew Johnson’s personality?

He was hostile, stubborn, bad tempered, and nothing like lincoln

What are problems of Andrew Johnson’s presidency?

lenient towards South because he was a southern democrat, republicans did not trust him, tried to veto, many new policies but was overruled

Tenure of Office Act

“president could not remove a cabinet member without congressional approval”

Who did Andrew Johnson fire, and what act did he break?

Edwin Stanton, Tenure of Office Act

Was Andrew Johnson impeached?

Yes, but was not removed by one vote.

When did Ulysses S. Grant serve?

1869-1877

What is Ulysses S. Grant’s background?

He was a union general, war hero, and no political experience

What is Ulysses S. Grant’s personality?

He was honorable, shy, loyal, and a poor judge of character

What were Ulysses S. Grant’s policies?

Broke up the KKK, supported people affected by slavery & racism, appointed African Americans & Jewish Americans to government positions, created the 15th Amendment

15th Amendment

gave voting rights to all citizens

What is the main problem of Grant’s term?

gave government jobs to friends/family, who were not qualified and involved in scandals

Whiskey Ring scandal

distrubutors of alcohol and government officials raised prices and avoided paying taxes

Credit-Mobilier scandal

a fake company overcharged the government for construction of railroads & bribed members of Congress from investigating

Panic of 1873

depression throughout the U.S. caused Grant to lose support

Impact of scandals

Grant was not involved, but his reputation & reputation of the republican party was damaged

What scandals/problems happened under Grant?

Whiskey Ring scandal, Credit-Mobilier scandal, and the Panic of 1873

Who defeated who in the Civil War

north(union) defeated the confederacy(south)

How many died in the Civil War?

700k

13th Amendment

abolished slavery and freed 4 million people

What were problems post civil war?

formarly enslaved people needed jobs, homes, etc. for rights and protection, how to merge the south into the north, Lincoln was assassinated

Reconstruction

process of rebuidling cities, government, and economy in the South after the Civil War, with goal of giving rights to formally enslaved

Freedman’s Bureau

created to help enslaved people to get jobs, homes, and representation

Civil Rights Act 1866

citizenship, first civil rights act

14th Amendment

birthright citizenship, equal protection under the law

Radical Republicans

politicians from the North wanted revenge on the South for slavery;

Examples of Radical Republicans

Thaddeus Stevens(PA), Charles Sumner(MA)

How many Africans Americans in elected positions? How many in Congress?

2,000, 16

1st African American Senator

Hiram Revels

1st African American Representative

Joseph Rainey

Jim Crow Laws

segregation laws to prevent African Americans from gaining rights

KKK

used intimidation to prevent formally enslaved people from gaining rights