Ch. 23 Microevolution and Population Genetics

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Last updated 10:06 PM on 10/4/26
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15 Terms

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Evolution

A change in the allele frequencies of a population over time.

<p>A change in the allele frequencies of a population over time.</p>
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Allele

A variant or version of a gene.

<p>A variant or version of a gene.</p>
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Gene pool

A description of every allele for every gene locus in a population.

<p>A description of every allele for every gene locus in a population.</p>
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Mutation

A potentially heritable source of new alleles that can be neutral, deleterious, or beneficial.

<p>A potentially heritable source of new alleles that can be neutral, deleterious, or beneficial.</p>
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Gene flow

The movement of individuals and their alleles between populations.

<p>The movement of individuals and their alleles between populations.</p>
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Genetic drift

A random change in allele frequencies within a population due to chance occurrences.

<p>A random change in allele frequencies within a population due to chance occurrences.</p>
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Bottleneck effect

A catastrophic event that drastically reduces population size and alters allele frequencies, lowering diversity.

<p>A catastrophic event that drastically reduces population size and alters allele frequencies, lowering diversity.</p>
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Founder effect

A change in allele frequencies when a small subset of a population colonizes a new area.

<p>A change in allele frequencies when a small subset of a population colonizes a new area.</p>
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Natural selection

The only mechanism known to produce adaptive evolution, requiring differential reproductive success, heritability, and variation.

<p>The only mechanism known to produce adaptive evolution, requiring differential reproductive success, heritability, and variation.</p>
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Fitness

A measure of how many copies of an individual's alleles are passed to the next generation.

<p>A measure of how many copies of an individual's alleles are passed to the next generation.</p>
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Direct fitness

An individual's alleles passed to subsequent generations through personal reproduction.

<p>An individual's alleles passed to subsequent generations through personal reproduction.</p>
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Indirect fitness

An individual's alleles passed to subsequent generations through the reproduction of relatives.

<p>An individual's alleles passed to subsequent generations through the reproduction of relatives.</p>
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Neutral variation

Genetic variation that does not confer a selective advantage or disadvantage.

<p>Genetic variation that does not confer a selective advantage or disadvantage.</p>
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Heterozygote advantage

When heterozygous individuals have higher relative fitness than homozygotes, such as sickle-cell carriers resisting malaria.

<p>When heterozygous individuals have higher relative fitness than homozygotes, such as sickle-cell carriers resisting malaria.</p>
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Frequency-dependent selection

Selection in which the fitness of a phenotype depends on its frequency relative to other phenotypes in the population.

<p>Selection in which the fitness of a phenotype depends on its frequency relative to other phenotypes in the population.</p>