unit 2-3

Carbon

is the most important atom that makes up compounds for two reasons.

Carbon

can bond four times

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Can bond with many atoms such as

large chains

Secondly, carbon can bond with other carbons, which allows carbons to form

__Macromolecule__

means “giant molecules”

__polymerization__.

1)    Formed in a process called – large compounds are built by joining smaller one’s together.

__monomers__, __polymers__

The smaller units are called __-----__, which join together to form __-----__

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

Four types of organic compounds are:

__Carbohydrates__

the main source of energy of living things and also use them for cell structure.

__monosaccharides__, __simple sugars__

Small carbohydrates are called __------__, or __------__

body

They supply immediate energy for the

__polysaccharides__, __starches__.

Large carbohydrates are called

__Lipids__

lipids are used to store energy as well as form cell membranes

__hydrophobic__

Lipids are __-----__ because they do not mix with water.

__Saturated Fats__

when all carbons in the chain are bonded by single bonds. Means they are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogens.

__Unsaturated Fats__

when there is one or more double bonds between carbons in the chain. Comes from plants. Stays a liquid at room temp.

__Nucleic Acids__

polymers assembled from monomers known as   nucleotides

__Proteins__

polymers assembled from monomers called amino acids

__peptide bonds__

1)    Bonded together by Proteins are often called polypeptides.

__enzymes__ ,__catalysts__

1)    There are also – used to speed up chemical reactions in the body, also known as __---__

__substrate__, __active site__

a)     Enzymes only work when a specific substance, known as a __--__, attaches to the enzymes ---

enzyme, substrate

When the ------ and ----- are bonded, certain reactions will speed up so they are fast enough for survival.

large chains

Secondly, carbon can bond with other carbons, which allows carbons to form large chains

__Nucleic Acids__

store and transmit genetic information

proteins

Some of the jobs of --- in the body are to form bone and muscle and transport substances in and out of cells to fight disease.

enzymes

a)     Most chemical reactions in the body occur to slowly without enzymes

bonded

When the enzyme and substrate are bonded, certain reactions will speed up so they are fast enough for survival.