*Neuron Structure and Function

Flashcards covering the key components and functions of a neuron.

Neuron

A nerve cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

Dendrites

Branch-like structures of a neuron that receive incoming signals from other neurons.

Cell body (soma)

The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and integrates information; acts as the control center and maintenance crew.

Nucleus

The cell structure that contains DNA and directs cell activity and protein production, regulating cell function.

Axon

The extension of a neuron that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Myelin Sheath

A fatty layer around the axon that speeds up transmission of electrical signals; loss of myelin can lead to slower signals.

Axon terminal

The part of the neuron that releases neurotransmitters and passes the signal to the next neuron across the synapse.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released by axon terminals to communicate signals between neurons.