S-130 Exam Review

Weight limitations

Individual total gear weight: 65 lbs

Personal gear weight: 45 lbs

A common fire assignment is how many days?

14 days (16 hours a day maximum)

Required Fireline PPE

Wildland fire boot (8 inches high, leather), flame res. shirt, helmet, safety glasses, belt pack, chest pack, fire shelter

IAP (Incident Action Report)

Written document produced to guide actions/plans over a day

AAR (After Action Review)

Discussing what happened during a fire post-fire

• - Correct weaknesses and sustain strengths

CFLOP (ICS)

The incident command system is comprised of CFLOP

• - Command, planning, logistics, finance, and operations

Who does a FFT2 report to in a hand crew chain of command?

FFT1 / Squad Boss

Handcrew Chain of Command

Span of Control

Supervisory ratio within a handful (5:1)

• - How many people you are supervising

What does LCES stand for?

Lookouts, communications, escape routes, and safety zones

• - Everyone should be aware of established LCES before engaging a fire

Deployment Zone vs Safety Zone

Deployment zone: Area where you need a fire shelter

Safety zone: Somewhere safe where you dont have to use a fire shelter

• - Typically, a burned area where all fuel is already burned up

How far must a fireline be from the fire?

1 ½ times the flame length

Fireline vs. Control line

Fireline: Part of a containment or control line that is scraped or dug to mineral soil

Control line: All constructed/natural barriers and treated edges used to control a fire

• - Threatened by spotting, rolling debris (cup trench), creeping, radiant heat

Suppression strategies for attack

Direct: Going immediately to the edge of the fire to begin suppression and constructing line

Indirect: Suppression backing off the edge of the fire and creating a control line further away from the fire

How far away from machines should you be when in use?

1 ½ times the fuel length

Suppression Techniques

Cold trailing: Inspecting fire edges or mop-up areas for heat with the back of your hand

Burning out: Setting fire inside the control line to consume fuel between the fire and the line

Blackline: Preburning fuels adjacent to a control line before igniting a prescribed burn

Cutting Tools

Used for fireline construction (brush cutting, removal of ground cover, etc)

• - Pulaski, hazelhoe

Scraping Tools

Used for fireline construction and mopup (digging, loose debris removal, etc)

• - Shovel

• - Mcleod

• - Combi tool

Coordinated Crew Techniques

Progressive Line Construction: Building line without changing relative line position

Leapfrog: Crews do a line segment before bumping ahead of unfished crews to build another line (swapping tasks or locations)

Straight Streams vs. Spray Streams

Straight streams are used for reaching and penetrating (most commonly used)

Spray streams are used for everything else

How is water delivered on a fire?

Engines (ability to move with the fire) and portable pumps (from static water sources)

Hoselays

Arrangement of connected lengths of a fire hose and accessories from the first pumping unit to the ending point of water delivery

• - Simple or progressive

Simple Hoselay

Progressive Hoselay

Common firing devices

Fusee, driptorch, hand launched flares

Why are firing operations used?

For backfire, burnout, prescribed burning (burning slash), bone piling (burning heavy fuels), making lines better, broadcast burning

Dry Mopping vs. Wet Mopping

Dry Mopping: Mopup without a cooling agent (typically with a dirt mixture)

Wet Mopping: Mopup using a cooling agent and foam

Gridding

Getting into a line and working over burned areas finding hot spots

Mopup Techniques

Zigzag Mopup: Used on small fires

Bullseye Mopup: Mopping up fire head and outer edges, working your way inside

MIST

Minimum impact suppression tactics

• - Using environmentally friendly tactics to suppress a fire

WUI

Wildland Urban Interface

• - Area where human development meets wildland fire fuels

Structure size up

Gathering information to sort a structure into a triage category (black, red, yellow, or green)

• Considers house materials, potential fuels, location, and topography

Why is fire smoke a hazard?

It can contain many different chemicals that are toxic and dangerous to humans

Types of radio frequencies

Simplex

• Radio to radio

• Close together / line of sight

• = tactical frequency, fire ground frequency

• On the fire

Duplex

• Repeater tower between radios

• Huge range

• = repeated frequency, dispatch frequency

• To the fire, long distance radios

Fire shelters deflect ___ heat and absorb ___ heat

Radiant, convected