ANT102 Exam 1

Cultural Anthropology

Studies human cultures, beliefs, and behaviors.

Linguistic Anthropology

Studies human language and communication.

Anthropology

Studies humans, past and present.

Archaeology

Studies past cultures through objects and remains.

Physical Anthropology

Studies human biology and evolution.

Paleoanthropology

Studies human evolution using fossils.

Primatology

Studies nonhuman primates, like monkeys and apes.

Paleopathology

Studies diseases and injuries found in ancient remains.

Anthropometry

Measures parts of the human body.

Molecular Anthropology

Studies genetic and evolutionary relationships using molecular evidence.

Osteology

Studies bones and the skeleton.

Applied Anthropology

Uses anthropology to solve real-world problems.

Forensic Anthropology

Uses bones and human remains to help with legal cases.

Biocultural Evolution

Biology and culture affect each other as humans evolve.

John Ray

Defined species based on the ability to reproduce and produce viable offspring.

Thomas Malthus

Populations can grow faster than the food supply.

Alfred Russel Wallace

Independently developed the theory of natural selection.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Believed organisms changed through use and disuse and passed acquired traits to offspring.

Charles Lyell

Geological processes today also happened in the past (uniformitarianism).

George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon

Suggested species could change when adapting to new environments.

Charles Darwin

Published On the Origin of Species in 1859.

Carolus Linnaeus

Developed a system for classifying living things.

George Cuvier

Studied fossils, extinction, and catastrophism.

Gregor Mendel

Discovered important patterns of heredity through pea plant experiments.

Erasmus Darwin

Suggested that life shared common ancestors and that species could change.

Cell

The basic building block of life.

Prokaryotic cell

A cell without a nucleus, like bacteria.

Eukaryotic cell

A cell with a nucleus, like human cells.

Somatic cells

Body cells that are not reproductive cells.

Gametes

Sex cells: sperm and eggs.

Zygote

The first cell formed when sperm fertilizes an egg.

Watson and Crick (1953)

Scientists credited with describing DNA's double-helix structure, building on other researchers' work.

DNA

Stores genetic instructions for building and maintaining an organism.

Chromosomes

Structures made of DNA and proteins that carry genes.

Human chromosomes

Most human body cells have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

Mitosis

Cell division that produces two genetically similar daughter cells.

Meiosis

Cell division that produces sex cells with half the usual chromosome number.

Gene

A section of DNA that contributes to a functional product or trait.

DNA vs. RNA

DNA stores genetic information; RNA helps use that information to make proteins and performs other cellular jobs.