Mouth → Pharynx → Esophagus

What cavity is the mouth

oral/ buccal cavity

Functions of the mouth from the 6 part series

Ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption

What digestion takes place in the mouth

Chemical and mechanical (mastication/chewing)

salivary amylase and lingual lipase

two enzymes thats part of chemical digestion in the mouth

dentition

another word for teeth

How many teeth do you have and what are they from middle to out

32 teeths → 2( 4 incisors + 2 canine/ cuspid + 10 premolar -molar )

which teeths tear and grasp and whihc teeths crush and grind

incisors + canines / cuspids - tear and grasp

molars - crush and grind

Tongue function

move food around, swallow, form bolusb

speech, taste and touch

bolus

soft mass of chewed food and saliva formed by the tongue

Papillae

structures on the tongue for friction, taste, and secrete lingual lipase

where are taste buds located

on papillae

What are the two categories of salivary glands

intrinsic minor salivary gland

extrinsic major salivary gland

intrinsic minor salivary gland

scattered in oral mucosa and keeps mouth moist

extrinsic major salivary glands and what are the three

produces most of saliva

parotid, sublingual (under tongue) , submandibular (under jaw mandible)

What does saliva do (4) and what do they contain (2)

they moisten mouth, clean teeth, and moistens food to bind it to a bolus for swalllowing easier, and dissolve chemicals for taste buds

contain chemicals for microorganism and enzymes

What chemicals do saliva contain

IgA antibodies and defensinsW

What enzymes do saliva contain and what do they break down

salivary amylase → starch

lingual lipase → fat

Where does food go from the mouth

Pharynx

What are the three layers of the pharynx top to bottom

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Are all three parts of the pharynx part of the digestive system

No → nasopharynx has no digestive role

only oropharynx and laryngopharynx

skeletal muscle layers of the pharynx (2 layers)

inner longitudinal Outer pharyngeal constrictors

Where does food go after the pharynx and in what order does it go through the pharynx

oropharynx → laryngopharynx → esophagus

Esophagus → tube that connects to stomach

Esophageal hiatus

Since the stomach is below the diaphgram and the esophagus has to get to → esophageal hiatus is an opening in the diagraphm that the esophagus has to get through

Cardiac orifiice

where the esophagus enters the stomach/ the opening

Lower esophageal sphincter

muscle that controls the opening to the stomach (the cardiac orifice)

how does the bolus of food travel through the esophagus

peristalsis - smooth muscle contraction (contracts behind the food and relaxes in front of the food

Deglutition and what does it involve (5) and waht is it coordinated by

swallowing → tongue, soft palate, pharynx, esophagus, and 22 muscle groups

coordinated by swallowing center

swallowing center

coordinates the process of swallowing/ degultition by communicating with muscles through cranial nerves

What are the three phases of swallowing or deglutition

oral/ buccal

pharyngeal

esophageal

Oral / buccal phase of deglutition

voluntary tongue contraction pushing bolus into oropharynx

Pharyngeal phase of deglutition

involuntary → blocks off all routes except esophagus

Esophageal phase of deglutition

involuntary Peristalsis