phy sci test 10 (ch 13-14)

test on fri (3/31) good luckkk

hydrogen bomb

used in nuclear fusion to release a lot of energy

compound

2 or more elements bonded together

molecule

2 or more atoms bonded together

ionic bond

between metal and nonmetal

covalent bond

sharing of valence electrons

metallic bond

valence are shared by all atoms; two metals bonding

radioactive decay

breakup or change in the nucleus emitting radiation

gamma decay

releases energy without changing number of protons and neutrons

beta decay

electrons emitted

octet rule

**eight** electrons in outermost electron shell (valence electrons)

isotopes

atoms of the same element that have different number of **neutrons**

heterogeneous mixture

doesn’t completely mix together

homogeneous

same physical properties throughout

solute

being dissolved

solvent

(water) dissolved into

solution

homogeneous mixture

bohr model

shows electrons surrounding the nucleus in circles

electron-cloud model

 electron as dots surrounding the nucleus

wave-mechanical model

shows electron wave around nucleus

electron

negative charge

proton

positive charge

neutron

atoms with no charge

chemistry

study of interactions of matter

group

column; arranged by same number of valence electrons

period

a row on periodic table

heisenburg uncertainty principle

it's impossible to know both the position and velocity of an electron at the same time

valence electrons

located on outermost electron shell

atomic symbol

represents elements

cation

positive charge ion

anion

negative charge ion

semimetals

solids with characteristics between nonmetals and metals

alkali metals

group 1; very soft, shiny metals

halogens

group 17; “salt formers”

inner transition metals

between groups 3 and 4 (under table); radioactive

metals

hard, dense, shiny solids

noble gases

group 18; *found in their pure states in nature*

nonmetals

poor conductors of electricity; gasses and liquids

transition metals

groups 3-12; strength and durability

matter

consists of tiny particles (atoms)

element

composed of a single type of atom

john dalton

discovery of elements, atomic theory

nuclear fusion

combining two nucleus to form heavier nucleus

nuclear fission

atom splits into smaller atoms; “division”

chain reaction

“domino effect” of nuclear fission