Energy Sources in Equine Nutrition: How Horses Get Fuel and How to Manage Feeding Sustainably

Dietary energy

Usable fuel from feed that powers a horse's physiological functions and activities.

Digestible energy (DE)

The portion of feed energy absorbed from the digestive tract, crucial for equine feeding.

High-strung horse feeding strategy

Adding fat and digestible forage instead of grains to prevent excitability.

Carbohydrates

Major energy source for horses, including both structural and non-structural carbohydrates.

Starch and simple sugars

Primarily digested in the small intestine, providing quick energy.

Fiber

Structural carbohydrate fermented in the hindgut, providing slow and steady energy.

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs)

Energy source produced from fiber fermentation in the hindgut.

Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC)

Includes starch and sugars, often found in grains, delivering faster energy.

Hindgut fermentation

The process through which fiber is broken down by microbes in the cecum and colon.

Fat as an energy source

Highly calorie-dense energy source; digested in the small intestine, offers lower starch options.

Protein

Primarily a building material, not an efficient energy source; excess can lead to waste.

Rotational grazing

Pasture management technique to prevent overgrazing and enhance carbon sequestration.

Manure management

Strategies to control nutrient runoff and maintain environmental quality.

Forage-based diets

Diet composed mainly of fiber, promoting gut stability and energy consistency.

Environmental impact of feeding practices

Effects of horse feeding on nutrient runoff, soil erosion, and use of resources.

Concentrated energy sources

High-calorie feeds such as fats that can lower the need for grain.

Nutrient runoff

Pollution caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus leaching into waterways.

Feed efficiency

Meeting horses' energy needs with minimal waste, reducing costs and environmental impact.

Carbohydrate classification

Difference between structural (fiber) and non-structural carbohydrates (starch/sugars).

Pasture management benefits

Consistent energy availability and improved nutrient cycling through healthy pasture systems.

Optimal feeding practices

Adjusting feed based on body condition, workload, and nutrient balance.

Digestive upset

Condition caused by excessive starch that can affect horse health.

Energy source choice

Selecting appropriate feeds based on digestion location and horse's needs.

Composting manure

Stabilizes organic matter and reduces volume for easier manure management.

Safety in feeding practices

Methods to ensure horse welfare while managing environmental impacts.

Gradual diet changes

Introducing dietary adjustments slowly to adapt the horse's digestive system.

Food storage safety

Keeping feeds dry and uncontaminated to prevent spoilage and ensure health.