Medical Science

Exams

4 levels of organisation

cells, tissue, organs, organ systems

Word equation for cellular respiration

glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water

Function of trachea

wind pipe that transports oxygen into the lungs and carries carbon dioxide to be exhaled

Function of bronchi

splits oxygen from trachea and transports to each lung

Function of lungs

where gas exchange happens, taking in oxygen to the bloodstream and releasing carbon dioxide

Function of alveoli

located in the lung, oxygen passes the alveoli into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide from the bloodstream passes the alveoli to get exhaled out

Breathing vs Respiration Difference

breathing is the physical process of air moving in and out of the lungs whereas respiration is the chemical process of releasing energy from glucose which happens in every cell of your body

Mechanics of Breathing

when inhaling, the diaphragm contracts and moves down which makes makes the chest bigger, making more space for air to come in, whereas when exhaling, the diaphragm relaxes and moves up, which makes your chest smaller, pushing the air out

How does gas chamber occur?

• happens in alveoli, located in lungs

• oxygen passes through to the bloodstream through the thin, alveoli walls

• at the same time, carbon dioxide from the bloodstream passes through alveoli

• carbon dioxide is breathed out

Function of circulatory system

an organ system that delivers oxygen and glucose to all cells in the body and takes away waste products eg. carbon dioxide

Function of heart

muscular organ that pumps blood around the body through the circulatory system, giving oxygen and nutrients to cells

Function of atrium

the 2 upper chambers of the heart that receive blood coming to heart

Function of ventricles

2 lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart and around the body

Function of valves

ensure that blood flows in 1 direction

Function of veins

carries deoxygenated blood back to heart