Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing - Chapter 22: Nursing Care of Patients With Hypertension

Vocabulary flashcards covering blood pressure definitions, categories, screening recommendations, risk factors, and hypertensive crises based on Chapter 22 lecture notes.

Blood Pressure

The pressure exerted by blood on walls of blood vessels, determined by cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, vessel stretch, blood viscosity, and blood volume.

Primary Hypertension

A classification of hypertension with an unknown cause.

Secondary Hypertension

A classification of hypertension with a known cause.

Normal Blood Pressure Category

Blood pressure classification defined by a Systolic BP of $<120\,\text{mm Hg}$ and a Diastolic BP of $<80\,\text{mm Hg}$.

Elevated Blood Pressure Category

Blood pressure classification defined by a Systolic BP of $120\text{--}129\,\text{mm Hg}$ and a Diastolic BP of $<80\,\text{mm Hg}$.

Stage 1 Hypertension

Blood pressure classification defined by a Systolic BP of $130\text{--}139\,\text{mm Hg}$ or a Diastolic BP of $80\text{--}89\,\text{mm Hg}$.

Stage 2 Hypertension

Blood pressure classification defined by a Systolic BP of $\ge 140\,\text{mm Hg}$ or a Diastolic BP of $\ge 90\,\text{mm Hg}$.

Adult Blood Pressure Categories Table

A reference table outlining adult SBP and DBP classifications including Normal, Elevated, Stage 1 Hypertension, and Stage 2 Hypertension.

Hypertension Screening

Screening recommended annually after age $3\,\text{years}$.

Hypertension Signs and Symptoms

Often has none (known as a "silent killer"); rarely causes headache, bloody nose, anxiety, and dyspnea.

Nonmodifiable Risk Factors

Hypertension risk factors unable to be changed, including family history of hypertension, age, race, and ethnicity.

Modifiable Risk Factors

Changeable risk factors for hypertension including weight control, dietary pattern (DASH dietary pattern, limiting sodium, increasing potassium), physical activity, and glucose control.

Hypertensive Urgency

Severe blood pressure elevation without target organ dysfunction progression, causing severe headaches, nosebleeds, shortness of breath, and severe anxiety, treated with oral medication in an ambulatory setting.

Hypertensive Emergency

Systolic BP higher than $180\,\text{mm Hg}$ OR Diastolic BP higher than $120\,\text{mm Hg}$ with risk for or progression of target organ dysfunction, requiring immediate medical care and IV nitroprusside.

CDC Adult Hypertension Definition

A condition defined as having a systolic blood pressure greater than $130\,\text{mm Hg}$, a diastolic blood pressure greater than $80\,\text{mm Hg}$, or taking medication for hypertension.